Scanning aperture ion beam modulator

• US 7,977,648 B2
• Filed: 02/27/2008
• Issued: 07/12/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 02/27/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (University of Wisconsin System)
• Original Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (University of Wisconsin System)
• Inventors: Westerly, David C., Mackie, Thomas R., Flynn, Ryan T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Souw; Bernard E
• Application Number:
  US12/305,554
• Publication Number:
  US 20090289192A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,231 Days
• Field of Search: 250/96.R, 250/397, 250/398, 250/492.3, 250/492.1, 250/492.21, 250/492.22, 250/492.23
• US Class Current: 250/396.00R
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/1087 Ions; Protons
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/1095 Elements inserted into the radiation path within the system, e.g. filters or wedges
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/10 X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy A61N5/01 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/103 Treatment planning systems
• CPC Class Codes: G21K 1/046 varying the contour of the field, e.g. multileaf collimators

Abstract

A modulator for ions such as protons employs multiple shutter pairs to create independently movable apertures effecting a multiple pencil beam treatment of the patient thereby increasing treatment speed by eliminating the need for a custom compensator.

Claims

1. A method of modulating at least one of the intensity and range of ions comprising:

(a) generating an area beam of ions directed along an axis and having a longitudinal and latitudinal extent in cross-section;

(b) controllably occluding an area of beam with a set of longitudinally opposed latitudinally adjacent shutter pairs, each shutter of the pair controllably extended to different longitudinal distances simultaneously to control multiple discrete ion beams at different adjacent latitudinal positions and control independent longitudinal positions such that at least one of an intensity and energy of the ion beams may be independently controlled among ion beams;

whereby parallel multiple beam treatment over an area may be obtained.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein each shutter pair comprises opposed shutters each sized to fully block the ion beam from passing through the shutter and wherein the shutter pair is controlled to control a dwell time of an aperture formed between the shutters to control the intensity of the ion beam at a variety of longitudinal locations.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the shutters of the shutter pairs are controlled both to control a center of an aperture created between the shutter pairs and a longitudinal separation between the shutter pairs whereby the longitudinal dimension of the ion beams may be controlled independently from their longitudinal position.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein each shutter comprises multiple blades each sized to only partially attenuate the energy of the ion beam passing through the blade and wherein multiple blades are independently controlled to control an amount of overlap among the blades and a longitudinal location of the overlap to control the energy of the ion beam at a variety of longitudinal locations.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the multiple blades of each shutter pair when fully overlapping along an axis of the ion beam block passage of the ion beam and wherein the multiple blades of each shutter pair are further controlled to control a dwell time of an aperture formed between the multiple blades to control the intensity of the ion beam at a variety of longitudinal locations.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the area beam has a non-uniform intensity distribution and the dwell time is controlled according to the non-uniform intensity distribution and a desired treatment intensity to correct for the non-uniform intensity distribution.

7. The method of claim 4 further including the step of:

(c) controllably occluding an area of the beam with a second set of longitudinally opposed latitudinally adjacent shutter pairs, the shutters of each shutter pair sized to fully block the ion beam from passing through a shutter of the shutter pair, each shutter of the shutter pair controllably extended to different longitudinal distances to control a dwell time of an aperture formed between the shutters to control the intensity of the ion beam at a variety of longitudinal locations.

8. The method of claim 4 wherein the multiple blades when fully overlapping completely block the ion beam from passing through the blades and wherein the blades are controlled in a first state to have selective overlap to control energy and in a second state to fully block the ion beam to control intensity through dwell time adjustment.

9. The method of claim 4 wherein the blades of each shutter pair have equal thickness.

10. The method of claim 4 wherein the blades of each shutter pair have different thicknesses according to a binary sequence.

11. The method of claim 4 wherein the multiple shutters are arranged to provide a treatment surface defined by Bragg peaks of the ion beam at different longitudinal locations and including the step of dividing a treatment area up into multiple, longitudinal surfaces for sequential treatment of each surface.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the area beam is a proton beam.

13. The method of claim 1 including the step of rotating an axis of the area beam about a patient to provide treatment of the patient at a plurality of angles.

14. An area modulator for an area beam of ions directed along an axis and having a longitudinal and latitudinal extent in cross-section, the modulator comprising:

a set of longitudinally opposed latitudinally adjacent shutter pairs; and

an actuator system controllably extending the shutters to different longitudinal distances simultaneously to control multiple discrete ion beams at different, adjacent latitudinal positions and controllable independent longitudinal positions such that at least one of an intensity and energy of the ion beams may be independently controlled among different ion beams;

whereby parallel multiple beam treatment over an area may be obtained.

15. The modulator of claim 14 wherein each shutter pair comprises opposed shutters each sized to fully block the ion beam from passing through the shutter and wherein the actuator system controls a dwell time of an aperture formed between the shutters to control the intensity of the ion beam at a variety of longitudinal locations.

16. The modulator of claim 15 wherein the actuator system controls the shutters of the shutter pairs to control a center of an aperture created between the shutter pairs and a longitudinal separation between the shutter pairs whereby the longitudinal dimension of the ion beams may be controlled independently from their longitudinal position.

17. The modulator of claim 14 wherein each shutter comprises multiple blades each sized to only partially attenuate the energy of the ion beam passing through the blade and wherein the actuator system independently controls the multiple blades to control an amount of overlap among the blades and a longitudinal location of the overlap to control the energy of the ion beam at a variety of longitudinal locations.

18. The modulator of claim 15 wherein the multiple blades of each shutter pair when fully overlapping along an axis of the ion beam block passage of the ion beam and wherein the actuator system controls the multiple blades of each shutter pair to control a dwell time of an aperture formed between the multiple blades to control the intensity of the ion been at a variety of longitudinal locations.

19. The modulator of claim 17 further including a second set of longitudinally opposed latitudinally adjacent shutter pairs, the shutters of each shutter pair sized to fully block the ion beam from passing through the shutter, wherein the actuator system controls each shutter of the pair to different longitudinal distances to control a dwell time of an aperture formed between the shutters to control the intensity of the ion beam at a variety of longitudinal locations.

20. The modulator of claim 17 wherein the multiple blades when fully overlapping completely block the ion beam from passing through the blades and wherein the actuator system controls the blades in a first state to have selective overlap to control energy and in a second state to fully block the ion beam to control intensity through dwell time adjustment.

21. The modulator of claim 17 wherein the blades of each shutter pair have equal thickness.

22. The modulator of claim 17 wherein the blades of each shutter pair have different thicknesses according to a binary sequence.

23. The modulator of claim 15 wherein the area beam has a non-uniform intensity distribution and the actuator system controls dwell time according to the non-uniform intensity distribution and a desired treatment intensity to correct for the non-uniform intensity distribution.

24. The modulator of claim 17 wherein the multiple shutters are arranged to provide a treatment surface defined by Bragg peaks of the ion beam at different longitudinal locations and the actuator system controls the shutters to provide sequential treatment of multiple, longitudinal surfaces a tumor.

25. The modulator of claim 14 including a gantry for rotating the modulator about a patient to provide treatment of the patient at a plurality of angles.