Methods for watermarking media data
First Claim
1. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
- dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples;
processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section;
grouping the sections into groups, each group containing an ordered plurality of three or more sections wherein first and second sections are adjacent to one another in the sample domain and a third section is adjacent to the second section in the sample domain, but spaced apart from the first section in the sample domain;
assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group;
assigning a watermark bit value to each group;
for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group;
wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises;
categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule based on the energy value of the first section relative to the energy value of the second section and the energy value of the third section relative to the energy values of the first and second sections; and
for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category;
wherein, for a particular group, the categorization rule comprises;
categorizing the particular group into a first shape category if the energy value of the second section is greater than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is greater than the energy values of the first and second sections;
categorizing the particular group into a second shape category if the energy value of the second section is less than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is less than the energy values of the first and second sections;
categorizing the particular group into a third shape category if the energy value of the second section is greater than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is between the energy values of the first and second sections;
categorizing the particular group into a fourth shape category if the energy value of the second section is greater than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is less than the energy values of the first and second sections;
categorizing the particular group into a fifth shape category if the energy value of the second section is less than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is between the energy values of the first and second sections; and
categorizing the particular group into a sixth shape category if the energy value of the second section is less than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is greater than the energy values of the first and second sections.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Methods are provided for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain. The method involves: dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; and assigning a watermark bit value to each group. The methods also involve, for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group. The bit assignment rule may comprise: a categorization rule for categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories; and for each category, a unique category bit assignment rule for assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group.
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Citations
30 Claims
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1. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing an ordered plurality of three or more sections wherein first and second sections are adjacent to one another in the sample domain and a third section is adjacent to the second section in the sample domain, but spaced apart from the first section in the sample domain; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule based on the energy value of the first section relative to the energy value of the second section and the energy value of the third section relative to the energy values of the first and second sections; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; wherein, for a particular group, the categorization rule comprises; categorizing the particular group into a first shape category if the energy value of the second section is greater than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is greater than the energy values of the first and second sections; categorizing the particular group into a second shape category if the energy value of the second section is less than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is less than the energy values of the first and second sections; categorizing the particular group into a third shape category if the energy value of the second section is greater than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is between the energy values of the first and second sections; categorizing the particular group into a fourth shape category if the energy value of the second section is greater than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is less than the energy values of the first and second sections; categorizing the particular group into a fifth shape category if the energy value of the second section is less than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is between the energy values of the first and second sections; and categorizing the particular group into a sixth shape category if the energy value of the second section is less than an energy value of the first section and the energy value of the third section is greater than the energy values of the first and second sections. - View Dependent Claims (2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17)
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3. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing an ordered plurality of three or more sections wherein first and second sections are adjacent to one another in the sample domain and a third section is adjacent to the second section in the sample domain, but spaced apart from the first section in the sample domain; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule based on the energy value of the first section relative to the energy value of the second section and the energy value of the third section relative to the energy values of the first and second sections; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; wherein, for each category, the corresponding category bit assignment rule is based on relative differences between the energy values of sections that are adjacent to one another in the sample domain. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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12. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category, wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group; wherein modifying the three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group comprises repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values until satisfying a termination condition, the termination condition based on the three or more energy values; and wherein repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values comprises repetitively incrementally modifying a plurality of the three or more energy values until satisfying one or more intermediate conditions, the one or more intermediate conditions based on at least two of the three or more energy values.
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13. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category, wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group; wherein modifying the three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group comprises repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values until satisfying a termination condition, the termination condition based on the three or more energy values; and wherein repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values comprises, for each repetitive iteration, incrementally modifying the at least one of the three or more energy values by a fixed percentage of its previous value.
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14. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category, wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group; wherein modifying the three or more energy values corresponding to three or more sections in the group comprises repetitively incrementally modifying at least one of the three or more energy values until satisfying a termination condition, the termination condition based on the three or more energy values; and wherein the termination condition comprises a condition where re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group modified by an error margin δ
.- View Dependent Claims (15, 28, 29, 30)
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18. A method for extracting watermark information from media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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aligning the series of samples with an original version of the media data, wherein aligning the series of samples comprises adding zero samples to the series or removing samples from the series to translate the series in the sample domain; dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category. - View Dependent Claims (19)
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Specification