Method and apparatus for management of a global wireless sensor network

• US 7,983,685 B2
• Filed: 03/16/2007
• Issued: 07/19/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 12/07/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Innovative Wireless Technologies Inc.
• Original Assignee: Innovative Wireless Technologies Inc.
• Inventors: Carpenter, Paul, Silverstrim, James E, Holland, W. Eric, Koleszar, Luke
• Primary Examiner(s): Santiago-Cordero; Marivelisse
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hua; Quan M
• Application Number:
  US11/687,030
• Publication Number:
  US 20080137624A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,586 Days
• Field of Search: 455/423, 455/67.11, 455446-449, 455/433, 455/450, 370328-338
• US Class Current: 455/447
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/12 responsive to undesired emission of substances, e.g. pollution alarms
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/04 Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/22 with access to wired networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/10 adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/16 Gateway arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/20 Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for global wireless sensor network architecture and protocol for remote supervision, asset control and operational management based on localized clusters of autonomous sensor/supervision/operational sensor nodes capable of ad hoc interconnection with nearby nodes and connection to gateway nodes with increased network functionality. These localized cluster nodes send data to gateway nodes either directly or through multi-hop transactions. The gateway nodes are, in turn, connected to other gateway nodes and operations control centers either through wireless or wired data communications links. Utilizing the Internet for long range interconnectivity, the network is scaleable to a global level. The resulting network is based on an ad hoc mesh topology to allow flexibility in network modification and expansion and is comprised of a tiered structure defined by increasing functionality. A current application for this technology is the remote control and supervision of lighting systems for facilities and municipalities on a local, national and/or global basis from centralized regional operations centers.

Claims

1. A method for centrally managing from a central sensor node manager a scalable wireless self-organizing ad hoc mesh network of multi-waveform sensor nodes located in either one WLAN cluster or multiple, geographically separated WLAN clusters having no fixed infrastructure, each cluster incorporating gateway nodes and neighbor nodes wherein the neighbor nodes within each cluster each act as micro-routers by passing data node-to-node through one of a plurality of possible, redundant, non-predetermined multipath RF link paths to a gateway node from which the data is transmitted to the sensor node manager wherein some nodes are stationary while other nodes are mobile during operation of the network such that each stationary node and each mobile node in the network is enabled to communicate with the central sensor node manager and any other node in the network whether or not the communicating nodes are within line-of-sight of each other comprising:

establishing at least one WLAN having at least one stationary node and at least one mobile node which is in motion while the network is in operation wherein each WLAN incorporates at least one gateway node and at least one neighbor node which comprises one of a stationary node or a mobile node;

providing at least one mobile node with gateway node capability to enable nodes outside of the line-of-sight of a fixed sensor network to communicate with the central sensor node manager;

collecting operational data from all of the stationary and mobile sensor nodes in each WLAN cluster by transmitting data node-to-node through at least one of the paths to a stationary or mobile gateway node within each cluster and from that gateway node to the central sensor node manager, performing operational efficiency assessments based on the collected data and then making operational modification decisions based on the results of the assessments;

scaling the size of the network at the direction of the central sensor node manager to optionally include from a single WLAN cluster to multiple, geographically separated WLAN clusters and to optionally incorporate in one or more clusters up to at least one million stationary;

and/or mobile nodes or fewer, as desired, wherein the size of the network and of each WLAN cluster is seamlessly variable during operation;

performing site planning for the network at the central sensor node manager using sensor data transmitted node-to-node through at least one of the paths to a stationary or mobile gateway node and from that gateway node to the central sensor node manager to determine the optimum location of gateway nodes for each WLAN cluster based on traffic profiles and one-way received signal strength of RF links from neighbor nodes within that cluster;

channelizing each stationary and each mobile node in each WLAN cluster in the network at the central sensor node manager based on time slot allocation using sensor data transmitted node-to-node through at least one of the paths to a gateway node within each cluster and from that gateway node to the central sensor node manager;

adjusting RF power levels of stationary nodes in each WLAN cluster in the network at the central sensor node manager using sensor data transmitted node-to-node through at least one of the paths to a stationary or mobile gateway node within each cluster and from that gateway node to the central sensor node manager so as to provide overlapping RF coverage between stationary nodes and their neighbor nodes within each WLAN cluster;

determining the location of mobile nodes within each WLAN cluster in the network at the central sensor node manager by using a geolocation algorithm applying data transmitted node-to-node through at least one of the paths to a gateway node within each cluster and from that gateway node to the central sensor node manager; and

configuring and reconfiguring parameters for all of the stationary and mobile nodes within each WLAN cluster in the network at the central sensor node manager based on information provided from all of the nodes within the network using a specified combination of identified waveforms wherein the information is transmitted node-to-node through at least one of the paths to a gateway node within each cluster and from that gateway node to the central sensor node manager.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein configuring and reconfiguring further comprise at least one of changing a channel waveform, further changing the operating parameters of a channel, monitoring channel performance and turning a channel on or off without affecting the operation of other waveforms.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein interference between nodes is minimized through power control.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used for record-keeping, fault reporting, diagnostics, application download and configuration.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein security is maintained by implementation of Internet security standards for authorization and authentication, by adoption of AES encryption standards and by private key management and distribution.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising employing WLAN node RF link signal level and traffic profile information for designing the network by changing the location of at least one of the gateway nodes, node RF link connections, node waveform, node RF spectrum and node RF power levels.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising enabling an operator of the system to drill down visually from the network level to the node level in real-time by means of multiple displays made available to the operator.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising over-the-air programming of software residing within each node within a WLAN cluster.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising over-the-air rekeying of each node within a WLAN cluster.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the relative location of each mobile node is determined using a geolocation algorithm based on received signal strength or time of arrival from stationary neighbor nodes.