Uncontrolled passive radio frequency identification tag and system with 3-D positioning

• US 7,988,055 B2
• Filed: 01/20/2006
• Issued: 08/02/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 01/20/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Wright State University
• Original Assignee: Wright State University
• Inventors: Rigling, Brian, Garber, Fred
• Primary Examiner(s): FRANKLIN, JAMARA ALZAIDA
• Application Number:
  US11/336,622
• Publication Number:
  US 20060158333A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,020 Days
• Field of Search: 235375-385, 235/492, 340 101- 106, 3405721-5729
• US Class Current: 235/492
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10336 the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil

Abstract

Passive radio frequency identification tags comprising a simple antenna and a circuit with a unique frequency-dependent response, in place of an RF-powered integrated circuit with control logic, is disclosed. The unique frequency-dependence of the circuit, which may simply be a feature of the antenna, conveys the tags identification. Multiple frequency-dependent circuit RFID tags can be simultaneously identified and located in 3-D space through use of antenna arrays and sampling at multiple frequencies in order to provide spatial resolution.

Claims

1. A passive radio frequency (RF) identification (pRFID) tag comprising:

at least one frequency-dependent circuit configured to provide a unique frequency-dependent response to be transmitted at least one predetermined frequency in response to receiving said at least one predetermined frequency, wherein the frequency-dependence of the response conveys the tag'"'"'s identification, and wherein provision of the unique frequency-dependent response is not performed under the control of control logic.

2. The tag according to claim 1, wherein said response comprises a response selected from the group consisting of:

a unique phase, a unique amplitude, and combinations thereof.

3. The tag of claim 1, wherein at least one said frequency-dependent circuit is to provide a unique response selected from the group consisting of:

a linear RF response, a non-linear response, and a combined linear and non-linear response.

4. The tag of claim 1, wherein said response is a spectral response over a range of operating/excitation frequencies and exploits at least one of the operating/excitation frequencies at any given instance.

5. The tag of claim 1, wherein in addition to said unique response, said tag has a response at a given frequency or frequencies identical to a response from a plurality of said tags in order to provide a known reference.

6. The tag of claim 1, further comprising:

an integrated circuit to allow writing operations at short range to alter operation of at least one said frequency-dependent circuit.

7. The tag of claim 1, wherein said tag has an operating range up to about 100 m away from an RFID reader.

8. The tag of claim 1, further comprising:

at least one antenna coupled to said at least one frequency-dependent circuit to perform at least one function selected from the group consisting of;

receiving said one or more predetermined frequencies and transmitting said response.

9. The tag of claim 8, wherein said at least one antenna comprises an antenna array.

10. The tag of claim 8, wherein said at least one antenna comprises at least one pattern of conductive material on a substrate on which said tag is formed.

11. The tag of claim 1 or claim 8, wherein said tag further comprises a substrate on which said tag is formed.

12. The tag of claim 11, wherein said substrate comprises at least one substance selected from the group consisting of:

silicon, a fibrous material, and plastic.

13. The tag of claim 1, wherein said at least one frequency-dependent circuit comprises at least one frequency-dependent antenna.

14. A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag system comprising:

a passive radio frequency (RF) identification (pRFID) tag comprising at least one frequency-dependent circuit configured to provide a unique frequency-dependent response to be transmitted at least one predetermined frequency in response to receiving said at least one predetermined frequency, wherein frequency-dependence of the response conveys the tag'"'"'s identification, and wherein provision of the unique frequency-dependent response is not performed under the control of control logic; and

an RFID reader configured to illuminate said tag with RF energy, observe one or more responses at said at least one predetermined frequency, and decode said one or more responses to a unique tag ID.

15. The tag system of claim 14, wherein:

said RF energy comprises multiple excitation frequencies, and wherein said RFID reader is to observe said one or more responses at said multiple excitation frequencies, and decode said responses to a unique tag ID.

16. The tag system of claim 15, wherein the RFID reader is further configured to spatially separate and segment environmental clutter after providing said 3-D position information.

17. The tag system of claim 14, wherein the RFID reader further comprises multiple reader antennas, and wherein said RFID reader is configured to spatially resolve said responses from said tag in order to provide 3-D position information for said tag.

18. The tag system of claim 14, wherein said reader is configured to operate in at least one mode selected from the group consisting of monostatic, bistatic, and multistatic modes, to interrogate said tag at one or more frequencies of interest.

19. The tag system of claim 14, wherein said response comprises a response selected from the group consisting of:

a unique phase, a unique amplitude, and combinations of unique phase and amplitude.

20. A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag system comprising:

a passive radio frequency (RF) identification (pRFID) tag comprising;

a circuit pattern configured to have a unique response for each one of a plurality of predetermined frequencies of RF energy when illuminated by a spectrum of said RF energy; and

an RFID reader to illuminate said tag with said spectrum of RF energy, observe responses at multiple excitation frequencies, and decode said responses to a unique tag ID,

wherein said response is a spectral response observed by a qth antenna of the RFID reader at a pth frequency according to a measurement defined by;

21. A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag system comprising:

a passive radio frequency (RF) identification (pRFID) tag comprising;

a circuit pattern that is configured to provide a unique linear/nonlinear response when the tag is illuminated by a particular frequency of RF energy; and

an RFID reader to illuminate said tag with said spectrum of RF energy, observe responses at multiple excitation frequencies, and decode said responses to a unique tag ID,

wherein said response is a spectral response observed by a qth antenna of the RFID reader at a pth frequency according to a measurement defined by;