Methods and devices for reducing hazardous air pollutants
First Claim
1. A method of reducing pollution generated by a combustion source, the method comprising:
- contacting a fluid stream comprising sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide exiting the combustion source with a substantially dry solid material formed by admixing a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds with a binder component, wherein the slag comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight, and prior to the contacting the fluid stream has a temperature of less than about 600°
F. (about 316°
C.), and wherein the sulfur oxides present in the fluid stream are removed after the contacting to a removal efficiency of greater than or equal to about 70% in comparison to the initial amount of sulfur oxides present in the fluid stream prior to the contacting and the carbon dioxide present in the fluid stream is removed after the contacting to a removal efficiency of greater than or equal to about 20% in comparison to the initial amount of carbon dioxide present in the fluid stream prior to the contacting.
4 Assignments
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or carbon dioxide present in industrial effluent fluid streams. A solid particulate material comprising a slag component, a binder component (distinct from the slag component), and optionally water is formed and then contacted with the effluent fluid stream to reduce at least one of the sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and/or carbon dioxide. The contacting of the effluent stream may occur in a packed bed reactor with the solid dry particulate material. Methods of reducing pollutants from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided.
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Citations
24 Claims
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1. A method of reducing pollution generated by a combustion source, the method comprising:
contacting a fluid stream comprising sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide exiting the combustion source with a substantially dry solid material formed by admixing a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds with a binder component, wherein the slag comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight, and prior to the contacting the fluid stream has a temperature of less than about 600°
F. (about 316°
C.), and wherein the sulfur oxides present in the fluid stream are removed after the contacting to a removal efficiency of greater than or equal to about 70% in comparison to the initial amount of sulfur oxides present in the fluid stream prior to the contacting and the carbon dioxide present in the fluid stream is removed after the contacting to a removal efficiency of greater than or equal to about 20% in comparison to the initial amount of carbon dioxide present in the fluid stream prior to the contacting.- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A method of reducing pollution generated by a combustion source, the method comprising:
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introducing an effluent fluid stream generated in the combustion source to a packed bed reactor, the effluent stream having a temperature of less than about 600°
F. (about 316°
C.), the effluent fluid stream comprising carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides, the reactor having at least one chamber comprising a plurality of substantially dry solid particles having an average particle diameter size of about 0.25 mm to about 12 mm that are formed by admixing a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds with a binder component, wherein the slag component comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight;contacting the effluent stream with the solid particles in the reactor; and monitoring the level of at least one of the carbon dioxide or sulfur oxides pollutants present in the effluent stream exiting the reactor, wherein the respective levels of carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides in the stream exiting the reactor are respectively at least 20% less than the level of carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides initially in the effluent stream entering the reactor. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method of reducing pollution generated by a combustion source, the method comprising:
contacting a fluid stream comprising sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide exiting the combustion source with a substantially dry solid material formed by admixing a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds, where the slag component comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight, a binder component, and a third component comprising a source of calcium oxide and a source of alkali metal ions, wherein the binder component is distinct from the third component and the slag is present at greater than or equal to about 40% to less than or equal to about 70% by weight of the solid material, the binder component is present at greater than or equal to about 1% to less than or equal to about 15% by weight of the solid material, the third component is present at greater than or equal to about 15% to less than or equal to about 57% by weight of the solid material, and wherein prior to the contacting the fluid stream has a temperature of less than about 600°
F. (about 316°
C.), wherein the sulfur oxides present in the fluid stream are removed after the contacting to a removal efficiency of greater than or equal to about 70% and the carbon dioxide present in the fluid stream is removed after the contacting to a removal efficiency of greater than or equal to about 20% in comparison to the initial amount of sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide respectively present in the fluid stream prior to the contacting.- View Dependent Claims (22)
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23. A method of reducing pollution generated by a combustion source, the method comprising:
contacting a fluid stream comprising sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide exiting the combustion source with a substantially dry solid material formed by admixing i) a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds, where the slag component comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight, ii) a binder component, and iii) a third component distinct from said binder component that comprises a source of calcium oxide and a source of alkali metal ions comprising free lime (free CaO) at greater than or equal to about 3% by weight and Na2O, K2O, or combinations thereof at greater than or equal to 1% by weight of the third component, wherein a ratio of the slag component to the third component ranges from about 99;
1 to about 1;
99, wherein prior to the contacting the fluid stream has a temperature of less than about 600°
F. (about 316°
C.), wherein the sulfur oxides present in the fluid stream are removed after the contacting to a removal efficiency of greater than or equal to about 70% and the carbon dioxide present in the fluid stream is removed after the contacting to a removal efficiency of greater than or equal to about 20% in comparison to the initial amount of sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide respectively present in the fluid stream prior to the contacting.- View Dependent Claims (24)
Specification