Method for binding reactive groups in observation area of zero mode waveguide
First Claim
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1. A method for binding reactive groups in an observation area of a zero mode waveguide comprising;
- providing a zero mode waveguide comprising a cladding layer on a transparent base substrate, and an aperture having wall surfaces extending through the cladding layer to the transparent base substrate where the wall surfaces of the aperture contact the transparent base substrate to provide an observation area having a cross-sectional dimension of the aperture on the transparent base substrate;
coupling a layer of exclusion molecules to the wall surfaces of the aperture, such that the observation area for binding of reactive groups is reduced; and
binding reactive groups to the observation area whereby the exclusion molecules coupled to the wall surfaces of the aperture sterically exclude binding of the reactive groups to the observation area to reduce the radius of the observation area for binding the reactive groups.
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Abstract
Reactive surfaces, substrates and methods of producing and using such substrates and surfaces are provided. The substrates and surfaces provide low density reactive groups preferably on an otherwise non-reactive surface for use in different applications including single molecule analyses.
104 Citations
25 Claims
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1. A method for binding reactive groups in an observation area of a zero mode waveguide comprising;
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providing a zero mode waveguide comprising a cladding layer on a transparent base substrate, and an aperture having wall surfaces extending through the cladding layer to the transparent base substrate where the wall surfaces of the aperture contact the transparent base substrate to provide an observation area having a cross-sectional dimension of the aperture on the transparent base substrate; coupling a layer of exclusion molecules to the wall surfaces of the aperture, such that the observation area for binding of reactive groups is reduced; and binding reactive groups to the observation area whereby the exclusion molecules coupled to the wall surfaces of the aperture sterically exclude binding of the reactive groups to the observation area to reduce the radius of the observation area for binding the reactive groups. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. An array of zero mode waveguides, each zero mode waveguide comprising:
a cladding layer on a transparent base substrate, an aperture having wall surfaces extending through the cladding layer to the transparent base substrate where the wall surfaces of the aperture contact the transparent base substrate to provide an observation area having cross-sectional dimension of the aperture on the transparent base substrate for binding reactive groups, and a layer of exclusion molecules coupled to wall surfaces of the aperture, such that the exclusion molecules sterically exclude binding of the reactive groups to the observation area to reduce the radius of the observation area for binding the reactive groups. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
Specification