Fractal counterpoise, groundplanes, loads, and resonators

• US 7,999,754 B2
• Filed: 04/27/2010
• Issued: 08/16/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 11/07/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fractal Antenna Systems Inc.
• Original Assignee: Fractal Antenna Systems Inc.
• Inventors: Cohen, Nathan
• Primary Examiner(s): Wimer; Michael C
• Application Number:
  US12/768,028
• Publication Number:
  US 20100220029A1
• Time in Patent Office: 476 Days
• Field of Search: 343/700.MS, 343/702, 343/752, 343/792.5, 343/846, 343/848
• US Class Current: 343/846
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/243 with built-in antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/246 specially adapted for base stations
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/36 Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewithH01Q1/08, H01Q1/14 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/44 using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna , e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspectH01Q1/27 - H01Q1/34 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/48 Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0093 having a fractal shape
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/20 the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path slotted waveguide arrays H01Q21/005; circularly or helically slotted waveguides H01Q21/0062
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/205 providing an omnidirectional coverage turnstile aerials H01Q21/26
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/28 Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems multiple beam H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/357 using a single feed point
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/371 Branching current paths
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/0407 Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna dipole H01Q9/285; monopole H01Q9/40
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/40 Element having extended radiating surface

Abstract

Antenna and related structures and circuits are described having a ground plane or ground counterpoise system that has at least one element whose shape, at least is part, is substantially a deterministic fractal of iteration order N≧1. Using fractal geometry, the antenna ground counterpoise has a self-similar structure resulting from the repetition of a design or motif (or “generator”) that is replicated using rotation, and/or translation, and/or scaling. The fractal element will have x-axis, y-axis coordinates for a next iteration N+1 defined by x_n+1=f(X_N′ yb_N) and y_N+1=g(X_N′ y_N′ where X_N′ y_N define coordinates for a preceding iteration, and where f(x,y) and g(x,y) are functions defining the fractal motif and behavior, in another aspect, a vertical antenna is top-loaded with a so-called top-hat assembly that includes at least one fractal element.

Claims

1. An antenna and circuit combination comprising:

an antenna electrically connected to a transceiver circuit, wherein the antenna is a non-spiral mode antenna and includes at least a planar portion defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2, wherein the deterministic fractal is not defined by an opening angle, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with the antenna.

2. The antenna and circuit combination of claim 1, further comprising a ground plane disposed adjacent to the antenna.

3. A ground plane and circuit combination comprising:

a first ground plane disposed adjacent to a transceiver circuit, wherein the first ground plane is planar and non-spiral and defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2, wherein the deterministic fractal is not defined by an opening angle, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna.

4. The ground plane and circuit combination of claim 3, further comprising a second ground plane disposed adjacent to the first ground plane.

5. The ground plane and circuit combination of claim 4, wherein the second ground plane includes a portion that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2.

6. An antenna counterpoise and circuit combination comprising:

a first antenna counterpoise disposed adjacent to a transceiver circuit, wherein the first antenna counterpoise is planar and non-spiral and defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2 for at least a portion of the first antenna counterpoise, wherein the deterministic fractal is not defined by an opening angle, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna.

7. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of claim 6, further comprising a ground plane disposed adjacent to the first antenna counterpoise.

8. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of claim 7, further comprising a second antenna counterpoise disposed adjacent to the first antenna counterpoise.

9. The antenna counterpoise and circuit combination of claim 8, wherein the second antenna counterpoise includes a portion that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2.

10. An antenna resonator filter and circuit combination comprising:

a first antenna resonator filter disposed adjacent to a transceiver circuit, wherein the first antenna resonator filter includes a planar portion that is non-spiral and defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2, wherein the deterministic fractal is not defined by an opening angle, and wherein the transceiver circuit includes at least one of a receiver, a transmitter, and a transceiver adapted for use with an antenna.

11. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of claim 10, further comprising a ground plane disposed adjacent to the first antenna resonator.

12. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of claim 10, further comprising an antenna counterpoise disposed adjacent to the circuit.

13. The antenna resonator filter and circuit combination of claim 10, further comprising a second antenna resonator filter disposed adjacent to the circuit.

14. The antenna resonator filter and circuit of claim 13, wherein the second antenna resonator filter includes a portion that is defined substantially as a deterministic fractal of iteration N≧

2.