Electrical power distribution system

• US 8,000,074 B2
• Filed: 10/05/2005
• Issued: 08/16/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/05/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: 2D2C, Inc..
• Original Assignee: 2D2C, Inc..
• Inventors: Montgomery, Steve, Jones, Nicolas, Baker, Gregory, Simpson, Richard
• Primary Examiner(s): Fureman; Jared J
• Assistant Examiner(s): HOANG, ANN THI
• Application Number:
  US11/242,878
• Publication Number:
  US 20060072271A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,141 Days
• Field of Search: 361/93.1
• US Class Current: 361/93.1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07758 arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 2300/03 Application domotique, e.g. for house automation, bus connected switches, sensors, loads or intelligent wiring
• CPC Class Codes: H01R 13/7039 the coupling part with coding means activating the switch to establish different circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H01R 13/7135 with ground fault protector H01R13/7132 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 1/0015 Using arc detectors
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/006 Calibration or setting of parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/08 responsive to excess current responsive to abnormal temperature caused by excess current H02H5/04
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/14 Protecting elements, switches, relays or circuit breakers
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/20 End-user application control systems

Abstract

An electrical power distribution system for connecting an electrical device to a source of electrical power and disconnecting the electrical device therefrom. The system includes a PCD tag associated with the electrical device, and a PCD reader associated with a receptacle electrically connectable to the source of electrical power. The PCD tag has a PCD tag memory in which data related to the electrical device is stored in a format readable by the PCD reader, the data including an electrical device load rating. The system also has a switch device for connecting and disconnecting the receptacle to the power source. In addition, the system has a measuring device for measuring actual load and a control circuit for comparing actual load to the electrical device load rating. The control circuit provides a disconnect signal to the switch device upon the actual load exceeding the electrical device load rating.

Claims

1. An electrical power distribution system for connecting an electrical device, having a predetermined electrical load rating, electrically connected to an electrical plug, to a source of electrical power and disconnecting the electrical device therefrom, the system comprising:

a PCD tag carried by a plug connected to the electrical device, the PCD tag comprising a PCD tag memory in which data related to the electrical device is stored in a format readable by the PCD reader, said data comprising an electrical device load rating for the electrical device that is used to program the value of a disconnect signal;

a PCD reader associated with at least one electrical receptacle electrically connectable to the source of electrical power, said at least one receptacle having a predetermined maximum electrical receptacle load rating and being adapted to receive said electrical plug electrically connected to the electrical device;

at least one switch device for connecting said at least one electrical receptacle to the source of electrical power and for disconnecting said at least one electrical receptacle from the source of electrical power upon receipt of said disconnect signal, wherein the value of said disconnect signal is determined to be the lower of the data stored in said PCD tag carried by the electrical plug and the maximum electrical receptacle load rating so that the same electrical receptacle can be used for electrical devices having different electrical load ratings that do not exceed the maximum electrical load rating of the electrical receptacle;

at least one measuring device for measuring actual current presented through said at least one electrical receptacle by the electrical device; and

a control circuit adapted to compare said actual load current of said electrical device to said electrical load rating of said electrical device stored in said PCD tag and said maximum electrical receptacle load rating to provide said disconnect signal based upon the lower of said electrical load rating of said electrical device stored in said PCD tag and said maximum electrical receptacle load rating to said at least one switch device upon said actual current load exceeding the lower of said electrical load rating of said electrical device as stored in said PCD tag memory and said maximum electrical receptacle load rating.

2. A system according to claim 1 in which, upon disconnection of said at least one electrical receptacle, said at least one electrical receptacle is in a disconnected condition in which said at least one electrical receptacle is not connectable to the source of electrical power until said at least one electrical receptacle is converted to a reset condition, in which said at least one electrical receptacle is connectable to the source of electrical power.

3. A system according to claim 2 in which removal of the electrical plug from said at least one electrical receptacle converts said at least one electrical receptacle to the reset condition.

4. A system according to claim 1 in which said disconnect signal is provided to said at least one switch device upon the control circuit determining that said actual current exceeds said electrical device load rating over a predetermined time period.

5. A system according to claim 1 additionally comprising:

at least one electrical outlet, said at least one electrical outlet comprising said at least one electrical receptacle, said at least one electrical outlet having a maximum outlet load rating; and

the control circuit being adapted to compare said actual current to each of said electrical load rating of said electrical device and said maximum outlet load rating, and to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon said actual current exceeding either said electrical load rating of said electrical device or said maximum outlet load rating.

6. A system according to claim 1 additionally comprising:

at least one electrical outlet, said at least one electrical outlet comprising said at least one electrical receptacle, said at least one electrical outlet having a maximum electrical outlet load rating;

said at least one electrical receptacle being electrically connected with a plurality of electrical devices; and

the control circuit being adapted to compare said actual current to said maximum electrical outlet load rating, and to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon said actual current exceeding said maximum electrical outlet load rating.

7. A system according to claim 1 in which:

said data in the PCD tag memory comprises a dynamic load profile for the electrical device;

the control circuit compares said actual current over a preselected time period with the dynamic load profile to determine whether said actual current exceeds the dynamic load profile by at least a preselected extent during the preselected time period; and

the control circuit is adapted to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon determining that said actual current exceeds the dynamic load profile by at least the preselected extent during the preselected time period.

8. A system according to claim 1 in which:

said data in the PCD tag memory comprises preselected acceptable arc characteristics of the electrical device;

the system additionally comprises a source path circuit, the source path circuit comprising the electrical device and electrical conductors electrically connected between the electrical device and the source of electrical power;

the system additionally comprises an arc fault indicator circuit associated with said at least one receptacle, for detecting actual arcing activity in the source path circuit;

the control circuit is adapted to compare said actual arcing activity over a preselected arcing time period with said preselected acceptable arc characteristics to determine whether said actual arcing activity exceeds the preselected acceptable arc characteristics by at least a preselected margin during the preselected arcing time period; and

the control circuit is adapted to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon determining that said actual arcing activity exceeds the preselected acceptable arc characteristics by at least the predetermined margin during the preselected arcing time period.

9. A system according to claim 1 in which:

said data in the PCD tag memory comprises safety certification data;

the control circuit is adapted to compare said safety certification data with predetermined certification data, and to provide a connect signal to said at least one switch device upon determining that said safety certification data matches with at least a preselected portion of said predetermined certification data; and

said connection signal causes said at least one switch device to connect said at least one receptacle with the source of electrical power.

10. A system according to claim 1 in which the PCD tag is programmable by the control circuit.

11. A system according to claim 1 in which the control circuit writes selected data to the PCD tag memory.

12. A system according to claim 11 in which said selected data is based upon at least one performance characteristic of the electrical device.

13. A system according to claim 1 in which the PCD tag memory is at least partially erasable by the control circuit, such that the PCD tag is in an unprogrammed condition.

14. A system according to claim 13 in which the PCD tag is reprogrammable by the control circuit to provide a new load rating for the electrical device based on actual current consumed by the electrical device.

15. A system according to claim 1 additionally including a command card adapted to provide at least one command signal readable by the PCD reader, said at least one command signal being transmitted to the control circuit from the PCD reader.

16. A system according to claim 15 in which the command card provides said at least one command signal upon the command card being located within a predetermined distance from the PCD reader.

17. A system according to claim 15 in which said at least one command signal causes said at least one receptacle to be connected to the source of electrical power and enabled for a preselected enablement time period.

18. A system according to claim 15 in which said at least one command signal causes data in the PCD tag memory to be erased, such that the PCD tag is in an unprogrammed condition.

19. A system according to claim 15 in which said at least one programming command signal causes the PCD tag to be programmed by the control circuit to provide a predetermined load rating for the electrical device based on actual current consumed by the electrical device.

20. A system according to claim 15 additionally comprising a night light activatable by said at least one command signal.

21. A system according to claim 15 in which said at least one electrical receptacle is convertible by said at least one command signal between a locked condition, in which said at least one electrical receptacle is not connectable to the source of electrical power, and an unlocked condition, in which said at least one electrical receptacle is connectable to the source of electrical power.

22. A system according to claim 1 additionally comprising a night light.

23. A system according to claim 1 additionally comprising:

a ground fault detector circuit for detecting a ground fault; and

the ground fault detector circuit being adapted to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon detection of the ground fault.

24. A system according to claim 1 additionally comprising:

a detector for detecting at least one power fault in the electrical power provided to said at least one electrical receptacle; and

the detector being adapted to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon detection of said at least one power fault.

25. A system according to claim 24 additionally comprising a system for delaying connection of said at least one electrical receptacle to the source of electrical power for a selected time period after disconnection due to detection of a power fault.

26. A system according to claim 25 in which said selected time period is selected within a predetermined range based on data in the PCD tag memory read by the PCD reader.

27. A system according to claim 25 in which said selected time period is selected within a predetermined range based on data in the control circuit.

28. A system according to claim 25 in which said selected time period is randomly selected from a predetermined range.

29. A system according to claim 25 in which said selected time period is systematically selected from a predetermined range.

30. A system according to claim 25 in which said selected time period is selected by a central controller such that connection of said at least one electrical receptacle to the source of electrical power is sequential relative to connection of one or more other electrical receptacles to the source of electrical power.

31. A system according to claim 24 in which said data in the PCD tag memory includes minimum acceptable power quality characteristics for the electrical device and said at least one switch device connects said at least one electrical receptacle to the source of electrical power upon the control circuit determining that said minimum acceptable power quality characteristics are satisfied over a predetermined power quality test period.

32. A system according to claim 1 additionally comprising:

memory storage associated with said at least one electrical receptacle in which receptacle data related to said at least one electrical receptacle is stored in readable format;

wherein said control circuit is configured to read data from said PCD tag memory and for reading said receptacle data.

33. A system according to claim 32, wherein said control circuit is configured to erase said data in said PCD tag memory.

34. A system according to claim 32 in which said control circuit is adapted for erasing said data in said PCD tag memory and reprogramming said PCD tag memory.

35. A system according to claim 1 in which:

a plurality of electrical devices are electrically connected to at least one electrical outlet, said at least one electrical outlet comprising said at least one electrical receptacle;

said at least one electrical outlet has a maximum outlet load rating;

said at least one measuring device measures total current presented through said at least one electrical outlet by said plurality of electrical devices; and

the control circuit is adapted to compare said total current to said maximum outlet load rating, and to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon said total current exceeding said maximum outlet load rating.

36. A system according to claim 1 in which:

a plurality of electrical devices are electrically connected to at least one electrical outlet, each of said electrical devices having a respective electrical load rating;

said at least one outlet electrical comprising said at least one electrical receptacle;

said at least one measuring device measures actual load presented through said at least one electrical outlet by each said electrical device respectively; and

the control circuit is adapted to compare said actual current presented by each of said electrical devices respectively to said respective electrical load rating for each said electrical device, and to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon said actual current consumed by each said electrical device respectively exceeding said respective electrical load rating for each of said electrical devices.

37. The electrical power distribution system as recited in claim 1, wherein said switch is normally open and said control circuit is configured to generate a connect signal when said PCD tag is in range of said PCD reader and said switch is configured to close in response to said connect signal.

38. An electrical power distribution system for connecting a plurality of electrical devices to a source of electrical power, the system comprising

a plurality of electrical outlets, each electrical outlet having a maximum electrical outlet load rating and comprising at least one electrical receptacle;

each electrical receptacle being adapted to receive an electrical plug electrically connected to one of said electrical devices;

each electrical device having a PCD tag carried by a plug connected to the electrical device, each PCD tag comprising a PCD tag memory in which data related to each of said electrical devices respectively is stored in a format readable by each said PCD reader respectively, said data comprising an electrical load rating for said electrical device respectively;

each electrical outlet having a PCD reader associated therewith;

each electrical outlet comprising at least one switch device for connecting each of said electrical outlets to the source of electrical power and for disconnecting each of said electrical outlets from the source of electrical power upon receipt of said disconnect signal, wherein the value of said disconnect signal is the lower of the data in said PCD tag and the maximum electrical outlet load rating;

each outlet comprising at least one measuring device for measuring actual current presented through each of said electrical outlets respectively by said electrical devices connected to each said outlet respectively; and

each outlet comprising a control circuit adapted to compare such actual load to said electrical device load rating as stored in said PCD tag memory for each said electrical device connected with each outlet respectively, and to provide the disconnect signal to at least one switch device upon said actual load exceeding said electrical device load rating.

39. A system according to claim 38 additionally comprising:

a detector associated with each of said electrical outlets, for detecting at least one power fault in the source of electrical power provided to each of said electrical outlets respectively; and

the detector being adapted to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device in each of said electrical outlets respectively upon detection of said at least one power fault.

40. A system according to claim 39 additionally comprising a circuit for delaying connection of each of said electrical outlets to the source of electrical power for a selected time period after disconnection due to detection of a power fault.

41. A system according to claim 40 in which said selected time period is selected by a central controller such that connection of each of said electrical receptacles to the source of electrical power is sequential.

42. An electrical plug electrically connectable to an electrical device, the plug being receivable in at least one electrical receptacle having a maximum electrical receptacle load rating and which includes a PCD reader, a switch for connecting the electrical receptacle to a source of electrical power, a current measurement circuit and a control circuit for disconnecting the electrical receptacle from the source of electrical power when the electrical current through the electrical receptacle exceeds an electrical load rating, the electrical plug including a PCD tag comprising a PCD tag memory in which data related to the electrical device is stored in a format readable by a PCD reader associated with said at least one electrical receptacle, said data comprising an electrical load rating for the electrical device, said load rating being read, wherein the lower of said data in said PCD tag memory and said maximum electrical receptacle load rating is used to program the value at which said electrical receptacle is disconnected from said source of electrical power.

43. A PCD tag for use in an electrical power distribution system that includes a mating electrical receptacle, the PCD tag carried by an electrical plug having a conventional profile and a mating face for mating with an electrical receptacle having a electrical receptacle load rating and a switch for disconnecting said electrical receptacle from a source of electrical power, the PCD tag comprising a circuit assembly which includes a PCD tag memory in which data related to an electrical device is stored in a format readable by a PCD reader associated with at least one electrical receptacle, said data comprising an electrical load rating for the electrical device, wherein the lower of said data stored in said PCD tag memory and said electrical receptacle load rating is used to program the value at which said electrical receptacle is disconnected from said source of electrical power.

44. A PCD tag according to claim 43 positionable relative to said at least one electrical receptacle in a predetermined position to permit the PCD reader to read said data in said PCD tag memory.

45. A PCD tag according to claim 43 located in an adaptor which is positionable between the electrical receptacle and an electrical plug electrically connected to the electrical device, said adaptor being adapted for electrically connecting the electrical device to the electrical receptacle via said electrical plug.

46. A PCD tag according to claim 43 secured to an electrical plug receivable in the electrical receptacle.

47. A PCD tag according to claim 46 in which the electrical plug is electrically connected to an electric cord adapted for electrically connecting the electrical device to the electrical plug.

48. A PCD tag according to claim 43 which is embedded within a body of an electrical plug receivable in the electrical receptacle.

49. A PCD tag according to claim 43 adapted to be attached to an existing electrical plug.

50. The PCD tag as recited in claim 49, wherein said circuit assembly is generally parallel to said mating face of said electrical plug.

51. The PCD tag as recited in claim 43, wherein said circuit assembly includes a pair of spaced apertures configured to receive a pair of prongs on an electrical plug to enable said circuit assembly to be juxtaposed adjacent a mating face of said plug.

52. The PCD tag as recited in claim 51, further including an adhesive for attaching said circuit assembly to said electrical plug.

53. A PCD tag according to claim 43, wherein said circuit assembly includes a printed circuit board.

54. An electrical outlet for connecting at least one electrical device to a source of electrical power and disconnecting said at least one electrical device therefrom, the electrical outlet comprising:

at least one electrical receptacle having an electrical receptacle load rating and being electrically connectable to the source of the electrical power, said at least one electrical receptacle being adapted to receive an electrical plug electrically connected to said at least one electrical device, said at least one electrical device having a PCD tag carried by said plug,

the PCD tag comprising a PCD tag memory in which data related to said at least one electrical device is stored, said data comprising an electrical device load rating for said at least one electrical device;

at least one switch device for connecting said at least one receptacle to the power source and for disconnecting said at least one receptacle from the power source upon receipt of a disconnect signal;

a control circuit for comparing the current through said at least one receptacle and generating said disconnect signal if the current through said at least one receptacle exceeds the lower of said electrical receptacle load rating or said electrical load rating of said electrical device;

a measuring device for measuring current through said at least one electrical receptacle by said at least one electrical device, and for communicating said measured current to the control circuit;

a PCD reader for reading at least a portion of said data and communicating said portion to the control circuit, said portion including said electrical load rating of said electrical device.

55. An electrical power distribution system for connecting an electrical device to a source of electrical power and disconnecting the electrical device therefrom, the system comprising:

a PCD tag carried by a plug electrically connected to the electrical device, the PCD tag comprising a PCD tag memory in which data related to the electrical device is stored in a format readable by the PCD reader, said data comprising an electrical device current rating for the electrical device;

a PCD reader associated with at least one electrical receptacle having an electrical receptacle load rating and being electrically connectable to the source of electrical power, said at least one electrical receptacle being adapted to receive an electrical plug electrically connected to the electrical device;

at least one switch device for connecting said at least one electrical receptacle to the source of electrical power and for disconnecting said at least one electrical receptacle from the power source upon receipt of a disconnect signal;

a measuring device for measuring the current drawn from said at least one electrical receptacle by the electrical device; and

a control circuit adapted to compare said drawn by said electrical device load rating as stored in said PCD tag memory, and to provide the disconnect signal to said at least one switch device upon said current exceeding the lower of said electrical load rating of said electrical device and said electrical receptacle load rating.

56. An electrical power distribution system comprising:

an electrical receptacle for receiving an electrical plug,

a switch for disconnecting said electrical receptacle from a source of electrical power in response to a disconnect signal;

a measuring device for measuring the magnitude of electrical current flowing through the electrical receptacle;

a PCD tag reader for reading a remote PCD tag carried by a plug connected to an electrical device, said PCD tag reader configured to read said PCD tag when said PCD tag is brought within range of said PCD tag reader;

said PCD tag pre-programmed with data representative of an electrical load rating of the electrical device connected to said electrical plug used to configure the value of current which causes a disconnect signal to be generated; and

a control circuit for generating a disconnect signal when the electrical current flowing through the electrical receptacle exceeds the lower of value the pre-programmed in said PCD tag or the electrical receptacle load rating, said control circuit further configured to generate a disconnect signal at different electrical current values depending on the value in the PCD tag associated with the electrical device whose electrical plug is in proximity of the PCD tag reader.

57. A method of programming an electrical power distribution system which includes an electrical receptacle having an electrical receptacle load rating, a switch for disconnecting said electrical receptacle from a source of electrical power, a measuring device for measuring the electrical current flowing through the electrical receptacle, a PCD tag reader for reading PCD tags carried by plugs that are connected to an electrical device and a control circuit for comparing the electrical current flowing through said electrical receptacle with a load rating value of said electrical device and said electrical receptacle load rating and generating a disconnect signal to disconnect said receptacle from said electrical power source when said electrical current flowing through said electrical receptacle exceeds the lower of said load rating value as stored in the PCD tag memory and said electrical receptacle load rating, the method comprising the step of programming the load rating value in said PCD tag.