Microelectrode, applications thereof and method of manufacturing

• US 8,010,208 B2
• Filed: 06/06/2006
• Issued: 08/30/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nano Biosensors Limited
• Original Assignee: Nano Biosensors Limited
• Inventors: Nimer, Emad, Jadaon, Nabil, Silbaq, Fauzi
• Primary Examiner(s): Layno; Carl H
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel; Natasha N
• Application Number:
  US11/922,969
• Publication Number:
  US 20090248113A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,911 Days
• Field of Search: 607/116, 607/115, 607/118, 600/372, 600/378, 977/931
• US Class Current: 607/118
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/05 for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode A61N1/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0529 Electrodes for brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0551 Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3605 Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system

Abstract

An electrode device is disclosed. The electrode device comprises an electrically conductive core of micrometric size coated by at least one electrically isolating layer. The electrically conductive core comprises a substrate coated by at least one metallic layer having a nanometric pattern thereon and being at least partially exposed at a tip of the electrically conductive core.

Claims

1. An electrode device, comprising an electrically conductive core of micrometric size further comprising:

a) a substrate and b) a metallic layer having a porosivity and a nanometric pattern thereon;

said electrically conductive core coated by at least one electrically isolating layer;

said metallic layer being at least partially exposed at a tip of said electrically conductive core wherein, the thickness of said at least one metallic layer is configured as desired, the porosivity and the nanometric pattern spread substantially in the whole volume of said at least one metallic layer of said exposed tip, including homogenous spreading or any profile of spreading of said porosivity and nanometric pattern, said porisivity is up to 90%.

2. An electrode assembly, comprising at least one bundle of electrode devices, at least one electrode device being the electrode device of claim 1, wherein, said at least one metallic layer of said at least one electrode device comprising of a nanometric mosaic of at least of two kinds of metals or metal alloy nanoparticles, said mosaic is configured in any plane or orientation, said at least one kind of metal or metal alloy nanoparticle of said at least one metallic layer being selectively extracted in nanometric scale without affecting said micrometric size of said exposed tip of said at least one electrode device, while at least one kind of metal or metal alloy nanoparticle of said at least one metallic layer being maintained as a metallic network backbone of spongy durable structure, said at least one electrode device is capable of maintaining a charge density as desired more than 600 mC/cm² in long-term of continuous stimulation.

3. An implantable stimulation device for delivery of electrical stimuli to a neurological location, the implantable stimulation device comprising:

at least one bundle of flexible electrode devices disposed in a guiding encapsulation, at least one electrode device being the electrode device of claim 2; and

a plurality of microwires, connected to said at least one bundle of flexible electrode devices such that electrical communication is established in an addressable manner between each microwire and at least one electrode device.

4. An implantable device for communicating with said implantable stimulation device according to claim 3, the implantable device comprising an implantable device body having therein a multi-channel system capable of providing stimulation signals and receiving sensing signals via a plurality of microwires, and a memory medium communicating with said multi-channel system and configured to store, at least temporarily, a stimulation protocol and/or said sensing signals;

wherein said multi-channel system is designed and configured to provide said stimulation signals based on said sensing signals and using said stimulation protocol.

5. The device of claim 3, wherein said at least one bundle of flexible electrode devices are disposed in said guiding encapsulation in a manner such that when a pressure is applied on said plurality of microwires, said flexible electrode devices fan outward from said guiding encapsulation to define a target region which is substantially larger than a cross-sectional area of said guiding encapsulation, said fanning out of said electrode devices is accomplished due to elastic forces present between adjacent electrode devices.

6. The device of claim 3, wherein said guiding encapsulation is removable and comprising of:

(a) a plurality of disconnectable parts; and

(b) means of disconnecting said parts.

7. The device of claim 3, wherein said guiding encapsulation comprising of biodegradable material.

8. The electrode device according to claim 7, wherein said at least one metallic layer is capable of preventing penetration of macromolecules therethrough, said at least one metallic layer having a nanostructure excluding macromolecules, and allowing penetration of small electrolytes with partition coefficient close to unity.

9. A system for delivery of electrical stimuli to a neurological location, comprising:

(a) a first implantable device, comprising at least one bundle of flexible electrode devices disposed in a guiding encapsulation, at least one electrode device being the electrode device of claim 2, and a plurality of microwires connected to said at least one bundle of flexible electrode devices such that electrical communication is established in an addressable manner between each microwire and at least one electrode device; and

(b) a second implantable device comprising an implantable device body having therein a multi-channel system capable of providing stimulation signals to said first implantable device and receiving sensing signals from said first implantable device, and a memory medium communicating with said multi-channel system and configured to store, at least temporarily, a stimulation protocol and/or said sensing signals, wherein said multi-channel system is designed and configured to provide said stimulation signals substantially in real time based on said sensing signals and using said stimulation protocol.

10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a wireless communication system for establishing communication between said memory medium and an external nonimplantable data processor.

11. The system of claim 10, further comprising said external nonimplantable data processor.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein said data processor is supplemented by an algorithm capable of calculating said stimulation protocol based on said sensing signals, said stimulation protocol being transmitted by said data processor via said wireless communication system to be stored in said memory medium.

13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a mechanism for controlling pressure applied on said plurality of microwires to extrude at least a portion of said flexible electrode devices outward from said guiding encapsulation.

14. The device of claim 2, wherein said nanometric pattern is selected so as to ensure that the surface area of said electrically conductive core is larger than the geometric surface area of said electrically conductive core by at least one order of magnitude.

15. The device of claim 2, wherein said nanometric pattern is selected so as to ensure that the surface area of said electrically conductive core is larger than the surface area of said substrate by at least one order of magnitude.

16. The device of claim 2, wherein said electrode device is capable of sensing electrical signals at a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 300.

17. The device of claim 2, wherein the porosivity of said at least one metallic layer is up to 90%, and pore size of said metallic layer is up to more than 200 nm.

18. The device of claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive core further comprises at least one intermediate layer.

19. The device of claim 1, wherein said at least one metallic layer comprises at least one intermediate metallic layer and at least one superficial metallic layer.

20. The device of claim 1, wherein said electrode device is capable of maintaining a charge density as desired more than 600 mC/cm².

21. The electrode device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one metallic layer comprising of nano tubes having a low Schottky energy barrier.