Polymer electrolyte fuel cell provided with a tightening pressure

• US 8,012,646 B2
• Filed: 04/19/2006
• Issued: 09/06/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 03/26/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Panasonic Corporation (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Panasonic Corporation (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Kobayashi, Susumu, Kanbara, Teruhisa, Hase, Nobuhiro, Takeguchi, Shinsuke, Kusakabe, Hiroki, Hatoh, Kazuhito, Ohara, Hideo
• Primary Examiner(s): Ryan; Patrick
• Assistant Examiner(s): Anthony; Julian
• Application Number:
  US11/379,239
• Publication Number:
  US 20060251944A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,966 Days
• Field of Search: 429/460, 429/511, 429/456, 429/457, 429/458
• US Class Current: 429/460
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8605 Porous electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8807 Gas diffusion layers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8835 Screen printing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/92 Metals of platinum group H01M4/94 , H01M4/9058 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/96 Carbon-based electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0202 Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0258 characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/026 characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0263 having meandering or serpentine paths
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0267 having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0271 Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1004 characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA] H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/241 with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2457 with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/247 Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2483 characterised by internal manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The durability of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is very significantly improved by using a tightening pressure of about 2 to 4 kgf/cm² of area of electrode; or a tightening pressure of about 4 to 8 kgf/cm² of contact area between electrode and separator plate; or by selecting a value not exceeding about 1.5 mS/cm² for the short-circuit conductivity attributed to the DC resistance component in each unit cell; or by selecting a value not exceeding about 3 mA/cm² for the hydrogen leak current per area of electrode of each MEA. Further, in a method of manufacturing or an inspection method for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack, fuel cells having high durability can be efficiently manufactured by removing such MEAs or unit cells using such MEAs or such cell stacks having short-circuit conductivity values and/or hydrogen leak current values exceeding predetermined values, respectively.

Claims

1. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a cell stack having a plurality of unit cells tightened in a stacking direction of the stack, each unit cell comprising:

an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly comprising a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane and first and second electrodes respectively placed on opposite major surfaces of the electrolyte membrane, each of the electrodes comprising a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer;

the gas diffusion layer comprising a non-woven fabric, a first electrically conductive separator plate contacting the first electrode and having a first gas flow channel for supplying and exhausting a fuel gas to and from the first electrode; and

a second electrically conductive separator plate contacting the second electrode and having a second gas flow channel for supplying and exhausting an oxidant gas to and from the second electrode, at least two laterally spaced-apart sealing members, each sealing member encircling a periphery of one of at least two laterally spaced-apart manifold holes in at least one of the separator plates, and

end plates and tightening members being disposed so as to sandwich the cell stack for applying a tightening pressure to each of the first and second electrodes,

wherein each of the sealing members is configured to be placed in contact with a surface of each first electrically conductive separator plate and each second electrically conductive separator plate,

wherein the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly has a short-circuit conductivity of not greater than 1.5 mS/cm², which is measured by applying a constant DC voltage to the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly to obtain a steady-state current or by applying a constant DC current thereto to obtain a steady-state voltage and converting the steady-state current or the steady-state voltage, by calculation, to the short-circuit conductivity of not greater than about 1.5 mS/cm²,

wherein a tightening pressure applied to each of the first and second electrodes is about 4.0 to 8.0 kgf/cm² of a contact area of each of the first and second electrodes with its respective electrically conductive separator plate, wherein the tightening pressure is obtained by subtracting an elastic recovery force of the sealing members of the separator plates from a total tightening load of the cell stack to obtain a tightening load to the electrode, and dividing the tightening load by the contact area,

wherein at least one of the first gas flow channel and the second gas flow channel has a form of a groove having lateral groove walls, and wherein a groove wall of at least one of the first gas flow channel and the second gas flow channel is tapered so that a top of the groove is wider than a bottom of the groove.

2. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second gas flow channels comprises a groove having a width of about 0.8 mm to 1 mm and a depth of about 0.3 to 1 mm.

3. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the contact area of each of the first and second electrodes with its respective electrically conductive separator is equal to or greater, than an area of each of the first and second electrodes which is out of contact with its respective electrically conductive separator plate.

4. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the tightening members are provided at each of four corners at an outer surface of each of said end plates.

5. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein each of said tightening members includes a tightening rod, a bolt, and a coil spring or a belleville spring.

6. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said each unit cell comprises the first electrically conductive separator plate contacting the first electrode and having the gas flow channel for supplying and exhausting a fuel gas to and from the first electrode, and manifold holes;

and the second electrically conductive separator plate contacting the second electrode and having the gas flow channel for supplying and exhausting the oxidant gas to and from the second electrode, and manifold holes, wherein each of the sealing members is an O-ring-like sealing member and wherein the O-ring-like sealing members are configured to be placed in contact with an outer surface of each first electrically conductive separator plate and each second electrically conductive separator plate in a manner to encircle the manifold holes and an entire perimeter of the gas flow channel of each electrically conductive separator plate.

7. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit conductivity is 1 mS/cm² or less.

8. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit conductivity is 0.2 mS/cm² to 0.8 mS/cm².

9. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a cell stack having a plurality of unit cells tightened in a stacking direction of the stack, each unit cell comprising:

an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly comprising a hydrogen ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane and first and second electrodes respectively placed on opposite major surfaces of the electrolyte membrane, each of the electrodes comprising a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer;

the gas diffusion layer comprising a non-woven fabric, a first electrically conductive separator plate contacting the first electrode and having a first gas flow channel for supplying and exhausting a fuel gas to and from the first electrode; and

a second electrically conductive separator plate contacting the second electrode and having a second gas flow channel for supplying and exhausting an oxidant gas to and from the second electrode, a sealing member, and

end plates and tightening members being disposed so as to sandwich the cell stack for applying a tightening pressure to each of the first and second electrodes,

wherein the sealing member is configured to be placed in contact with a surface of each first electrically conductive separator plate and each second electrically conductive separator plate,

wherein at least one of the first gas flow channel and the second gas flow channel has a form of a groove having lateral groove walls, and wherein a groove wall of at least one of the first gas flow channel and the second gas flow channel is tapered so that a top of the groove is wider than a bottom of the groove,

wherein the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly has a short-circuit conductivity of not greater than 1.5 mS/cm², which is measured by applying a constant DC voltage to the electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly to obtain a steady-state current or by applying a constant DC current thereto to obtain a steady-state voltage and converting the steady-state current or the steady-state voltage, by calculation, to the short-circuit conductivity of not greater than about 1.5 mS/cm², and

wherein a tightening pressure applied to each of the first and second electrodes is about 4.0 to 8.0 kgf/cm² of a contact area of each of the first and second electrodes with its respective electrically conductive separator plate, wherein the tightening pressure is obtained by subtracting an elastic recovery force of the sealing member of the separator plates from a total tightening load of the cell stack to obtain a tightening load to the electrode, and dividing the tightening load by the contact area.

10. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein each of the first and second gas flow channels comprises a groove having a width of about 0.8 mm to 1 mm and a depth of about 0.3 to 1 mm.

11. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the contact area of each of the first and second electrodes with its respective electrically conductive separator is equal to or greater than an area of each of the first and second electrodes which is out of contact with its respective electrically conductive separator plate.

12. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the tightening members are provided at each of four corners at an outer surface of each of said end plates.

13. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein each of said tightening members includes a tightening rod, a bolt, and a coil spring or a belleville spring.

14. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein said each unit cell comprises the first electrically conductive separator plate contacting the first electrode and having the gas flow channel for supplying and exhausting a fuel gas to and from the first electrode, and manifold holes;

and the second electrically conductive separator plate contacting the second electrode and having the gas flow channel for supplying and exhausting the oxidant gas to and from the second electrode, and manifold holes, wherein said sealing member is an O-ring-like sealing member and wherein the O-ring-like sealing member is configured to be placed in contact with an outer surface of each first electrically conductive separator plate and each second electrically conductive separator plate in a manner to encircle the manifold holes and an entire perimeter of the gas flow channel of each electrically conductive separator plate.

15. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the short-circuit conductivity is 1 mS/cm² or less.

16. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 9, wherein the short-circuit conductivity is 0.2 mS/cm² to 0.8 mS/cm².