Optical touch pad with multilayer waveguide
First Claim
Patent Images
1. An optical touch pad for determining a position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, the optical touch pad comprising:
- a multilayer waveguide comprising;
a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction;
a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction; and
wherein the first waveguide layer comprises a rigid layer that comprises the external surface of the optical touch pad and a pliable layer that is directly adjacent to the external layer, wherein the rigid layer is more rigid than the pliable layer and the pliable layer is more pliable than the rigid layer, and wherein when an external force is applied to the external layer that deforms the external layer into the pliable layer, the pliable layer compresses without substantially stressing any other layers within the multilayer waveguide;
wherein the multilayer waveguide is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation by total internal reflection to at least one detector to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface; and
wherein the rigid layer and the pliable layer are index of refraction matched.
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Abstract
An optical touch pad that includes a multilayer waveguide optically coupled to at least one electromagnetic radiation detector. Based on electromagnetic radiation directed from an object to the detector by the multilayer waveguide, information related to an object proximate to (e.g., hovering above) and/or in contact with the optical touch pad may be determined. For example, the information related to the object may include position information, object-type information, and/or other information related to the object.
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Citations
128 Claims
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1. An optical touch pad for determining a position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, the optical touch pad comprising:
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a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction; a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction; and wherein the first waveguide layer comprises a rigid layer that comprises the external surface of the optical touch pad and a pliable layer that is directly adjacent to the external layer, wherein the rigid layer is more rigid than the pliable layer and the pliable layer is more pliable than the rigid layer, and wherein when an external force is applied to the external layer that deforms the external layer into the pliable layer, the pliable layer compresses without substantially stressing any other layers within the multilayer waveguide;
wherein the multilayer waveguide is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation by total internal reflection to at least one detector to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface; and
wherein the rigid layer and the pliable layer are index of refraction matched. - View Dependent Claims (120, 121)
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2. An optical touch pad for determining the position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, the optical touch pad comprising:
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a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction; a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction; and the multilayer waveguide being designed to direct electromagnetic radiation by total internal reflection to at least one detector to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface, wherein the multilayer waveguide is positioned to;
i) receive electromagnetic radiation from an object that comes in contact with the external surface, the object being one of at least a first type of object that has first refractive characteristics or a second type of object that has second refractive characteristics; and
ii) direct the received electromagnetic radiation to the at least one detector by total internal reflection such that the processor receives the at least one signal from the at least one detector and determines the type of object. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5)
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6. An optical touch pad for determining the position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, the optical touch pad comprising:
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a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction; a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction; and one or more additional waveguide layers, each additional waveguide layer being bounded on at least one side by a TIR mirror, and wherein each additional waveguide layer has an index of refraction that is different from the index of refraction of other waveguide layers within the multilayer waveguide; wherein the multilayer waveguide is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation by total internal reflection to at least one detector to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface, and wherein the waveguide layers are arranged within the multilayer waveguide in order of index of refraction, with the waveguide layer with the highest index of refraction being disposed closest to the external surface of the optical touch pad and the waveguide layer with the lowest index of refraction being disposed furthest from the external surface.
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7. An optical touch pad for determining the position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, the optical touch pad comprising:
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a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction; a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction; and the multilayer waveguide being designed to direct electromagnetic radiation by total internal reflection to at least one detector to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface, wherein the first waveguide layer comprises a rigid layer that comprises the external surface of the optical touch pad and a pliable layer that is directly adjacent to the external layer, wherein the rigid layer is more rigid than the pliable layer and the pliable layer is more pliable than the rigid layer, wherein the pliable layer and the external layer are substantially index of refraction matched, wherein when an external force is applied to the external layer that deforms the external layer into the pliable layer, the pliable layer compresses without substantially stressing any other layers within the multilayer waveguide, and wherein the multilayer waveguide further comprises a layer comprising pockets of air, anti-reflective nano structures disposed in the layer comprising pockets of air, and an angle selective TIR mirror, the layer comprising pockets of air further comprising supporting structures that support the layers adjacent to the layer comprising pockets of air such that the pockets of air are formed between the adjacent layers. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. An integrated touch pad and image forming display, comprising:
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an image forming display and a touch pad laminated to the image forming display, the touch pad being capable of determining a position of an object with respect to an external surface of the touch pad, the touch pad comprising; a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first boundary layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first boundary layer having a first boundary index of refraction; a second boundary layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second boundary having a second boundary index of refraction; an underlayer having an underlayer index of refraction and being disposed between the first boundary layer and the second boundary layer; and a plurality of deflecting structures having a structure index of refraction that is lower than the underlayer index of refraction; wherein the first and second boundary indices of refraction are lower than the underlayer index of refraction, wherein the deflecting structures are disposed within the underlayer; and
wherein the multilayer waveguide directs electromagnetic radiation to at least one detector by total internal reflection to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51)
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52. An integrated optical touch pad and image forming display, comprising:
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an image forming display and an optical touch pad laminated to the image forming display, the optical touch pad being capable of determining a position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, the optical touch pad comprising; a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction; a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction;
wherein the multilayer waveguide directs electromagnetic radiation to at least one detector by total internal reflection to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface;and wherein the multilayer waveguide is mounted directly to an outer surface of a substantially transparent substrate integrally included in the display such that the substantially transparent substrate forms a waveguide layer capable of directing electromagnetic radiation by total internal reflection within the substantially transparent substrate, the total internal reflection occurring at one or both of the TIR mirror formed at the boundary between the multilayer waveguide and the outer surface of the substantially transparent substrate and a TIR mirror formed at a boundary between the inner surface of the substantially transparent substrate and air within the display.
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53. An integrated touch pad and image forming display, comprising:
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an image forming display and a touch pad laminated to the image forming display, the touch pad being capable of determining a position of an object with respect to an external surface of the touch pad, the touch pad comprising; a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction and being disposed on an opposite side of the multilayer waveguide from the external surface; a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction; an underlayer having an underlayer index of refraction and being disposed between the first boundary layer and the second boundary layer; and a plurality of deflecting structures having a structure index of refraction and being disposed within the underlayer; wherein the first and second indices of refraction and the structure index of refraction are lower than the underlayer index of refraction, and wherein the first and second waveguide layers, the underlayer, and the deflecting structures are designed such that the deflecting structures deflect electromagnetic radiation within the underlayer so that the deflected electromagnetic radiation is guided within the underlayer by total internal reflection to at least one detector to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface of the touch pad. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55)
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56. An optical touch pad system for determining a position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, comprising:
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a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction; a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction; an underlayer having an underlayer index of refraction and being disposed between the first boundary layer and the second boundary layer; and a plurality of deflecting structures having a structure index of refraction that is lower than the underlayer index of refraction; and at least one detector for receiving electromagnetic radiation from at least one layer of the multilayer waveguide and generating a signal relating to the position of the object with respect to the external surface of the optical touch pad; wherein the first and second indices of refraction are lower than the underlayer index of refraction, wherein the deflecting structures are disposed within the underlayer, and wherein the multilayer waveguide is positioned to;
i) receive electromagnetic radiation having characteristics affected by the position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, wherein the characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation include one or both of propagation and/or intensity; and
ii) direct the received electromagnetic radiation to the at least one detector by total internal reflection; anda processor that receives the at least one signal from the at least one detector and determines position information regarding the object. - View Dependent Claims (57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96)
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97. An optical touch pad system for determining a position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, comprising:
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a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a first TIR mirror surface of a first TIR mirror, the first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction; a second waveguide layer bounded on at least one side by a second TIR mirror surface of a second TIR mirror, the second waveguide having a second index of refraction; a first boundary layer having a first boundary index of refraction and being disposed on an opposite side of the multilayer waveguide from the external surface; a second boundary layer having a second boundary index of refraction; an underlayer having an underlayer index of refraction and being disposed between the first boundary layer and the second boundary layer; a plurality of deflecting structures having a structure index of refraction and being disposed within the underlayer; wherein the first and second boundary indices of refraction and the structure index of refraction are lower than the underlayer, and the first and second boundary layers, the underlayer, and the deflecting structures are designed such that the deflecting structures deflect electromagnetic radiation within the underlayer so that the deflected electromagnetic radiation is guided within the underlayer by total internal reflection to at least one detector to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface; and at least one detector for receiving electromagnetic radiation from at least one layer of the multilayer waveguide and generating a signal relating to the position of the object with respect to the external surface of the optical touch pad; the multilayer waveguide positioned to;
i) receive electromagnetic radiation having characteristics affected by the position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, wherein the characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation include one or both of propagation and/or intensity; and
ii) direct the received electromagnetic radiation to the at least one detector by total internal reflection; anda processor that receives the at least one signal from the at least one detector and determines position information regarding the object. - View Dependent Claims (98, 99)
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100. A method for determining a position of an object with respect to a surface of an optical touch pad, the method comprising:
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transmitting electromagnetic radiation through the surface of the optical touch pad; receiving a portion of the electromagnetic radiation that is backscattered and/or reflected by the object into a multilayer waveguide, the multilayer waveguide comprising a first waveguide layer having a first index of refraction a second waveguide layer having a second index of refraction, and an underlayer having an underlayer index of refraction and being disposed between the first waveguide layer and the second waveguide layer, wherein a plurality of deflecting structures having a structure index of refraction are disposed within the underlayer, wherein the structure index of refraction is lower than the underlayer index of refraction; directing the received electromagnetic radiation to at least one detector by total internal reflection, wherein the first and second indices of refraction are lower than the underlayer index of refraction; determining a position of the object with respect to the optical touch pad based on the electromagnetic radiation directed to the at least one detector by total internal reflection. - View Dependent Claims (101)
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102. An optical touch pad for determining a position of an object with respect to an external surface of the optical touch pad, the optical touch pad comprising:
a multilayer waveguide comprising; a first boundary layer having a first boundary index of refraction; a second boundary layer having a second boundary index of refraction; an underlayer having an underlayer index of refraction and being disposed between the first boundary layer and the second boundary layer; and a plurality of deflecting structures having a structure index of refraction that is lower than the underlayer index of refraction; wherein the first and second boundary indices of refraction are lower than the underlayer index of refraction, and the deflecting structures are disposed within the underlayer and arranged to deflect electromagnetic radiation so that the deflected electromagnetic radiation is guided within the underlayer by total internal reflection to at least one detector to enable the detector to determine the position of the object with respect to the external surface. - View Dependent Claims (103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128)
Specification