Battery charging apparatus

• US 8,018,201 B2
• Filed: 11/03/2008
• Issued: 09/13/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
• Original Assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
• Inventors: Lohr, Guenter
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso; Edward
• Assistant Examiner(s): Berhanu; Samuel
• Application Number:
  US12/263,805
• Publication Number:
  US 20090051328A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,044 Days
• Field of Search: 320/134
• US Class Current: 320/134
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0031 using battery or load disconnect circuits H02J9/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007182 in response to battery voltage

Abstract

The battery charging apparatus is made with small and low-cost components. It includes a first transistor (T1) with a control input through which the charging current flows into a battery (B) and a current source (T3, T4, R1, R2) for a control current flowing to the control input of the first transistor. The current source sets or adjusts the control current so that the first transistor is non-conducting or blocked and the charging current flowing into the battery is shut off when a predetermined maximum charging voltage is reached at the battery.

Claims

1. An apparatus for charging a battery, comprising:

a first transistor with a base, through which a charging current flows to a battery connected to the first transistor when said battery is being charged;

a current source for a control current for said transistor, said current source being connected to the base of the first transistor to supply said control current wherein said current source includes an adjusting arrangement for adjusting or setting said control current, so that the first transistor is non-conducting or blocked and said charging current flowing into said battery is shut off when a predetermined maximum charging voltage at said battery is reached;

a Zener diode arrangement, wherein said Zener diode arrangement is connected with said base of said first transistor, said Zener diode arrangement having a Zener voltage, wherein the Zener diode arrangement, in cooperation with the adjusting arrangement of the current source, causes the first transistor to become nonconducting when the battery reaches a predetermined maximum supply voltage so that the charging current is interrupted;

a second transistor, wherein an emitter of the second transistor is connected with the base of said first transistor, a base of said second transistor is connected with the collector of said first transistor via an resistor-capacitor circuit path, having a resistor and a capacitor, and the collector of said second transistor is connected to said current source,

wherein said second transistor keeps said control input of said first transistor at a potential that is less than the charging voltage of said battery connected to said first transistor after blocking said first transistor such that the base-emitter path of the first transistor is reliably blocked, and

wherein the current source includes a third transistor and a fourth transistor, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the base of the third transistor is connected with the collector of the fourth transistor and the base of the fourth transistor is connected with the emitter of the third transistor and the emitter of the third transistor and the base of the fourth transistor are connected via a second resistor with the base of the first transistor and the emitter of the fourth transistor is connected with the base of the first transistor.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a resistor and capacitor circuit arrangement for delaying a switching on of the second transistor, wherein said R/C circuit arrangement is connected to a control input of the second transistor.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a series circuit branch having a plurality of diodes and said first transistor connected in series with each other, wherein said current source is connected across said series circuit branch so that a voltage drop across said diodes drives said current source.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

an R/C circuit arrangement for delaying a switching on of the second transistor, wherein said R/C circuit arrangement is connected to a control input of the second transistor; and

a series circuit branch having a plurality of diodes and said first transistor connected in series with each other, wherein said current source is connected across said series circuit branch so that a voltage drop across said diodes drives said current source.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein if the battery voltage at its output terminal is less than a base-emitter voltage of the first transistor, corresponding to the Zener voltage of the Zener diode arrangement, the control current supplied by the current source substantially flows into the control input of the first transistor so that it is conducting, and wherein if the battery charging voltage at the output terminal has reached the base-emitter voltage of the first transistor, corresponding to the Zener voltage, the control current supplied by the current source by the Zener diode arrangement substantially flows to ground, so that the first transistor becomes non-conducting and interrupts the charging current to the battery.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adjusting arrangement includes a first adjusting transistor and a second adjusting transistor, a base of first adjusting transistor being connected with a collector of the second adjusting transistor, wherein a base of the second adjusting transistor is connected with an emitter of the first adjusting transistor, and wherein an emitter of the second adjusting transistor is connected with the control input of the first transistor, wherein the control input is the base of the first transistor.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:

an input terminal;

wherein a collector of the first adjusting transistor is connected to the input terminal, wherein a base of the first adjusting transistor is connected by an electrical element to the input terminal, wherein an emitter of the second transistor and the base of the second adjusting transistor are connected via another electrical element to the control input of the first transistor.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:

an R/C circuit arrangement for delaying a switching on of the second transistor, wherein said R/C circuit arrangement is connected to a control input of the second transistor; and

a series circuit branch having a plurality of diodes and said first transistor connected in series with each other, wherein said current source is connected across said series circuit branch so that a voltage drop across said diodes drives said current source.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

an R/C circuit arrangement for delaying a switching on of the second transistor, wherein the R/C circuit arrangement is connected to the base of the second transistor so to cause a delayed switching on of the second transistor, wherein the turn-on of the second transistor is delayed, so that the second transistor is blocked and the current source is prevented from being turned off, and so that a higher charging current flows when the charging apparatus is turned on.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Zener diode arrangement includes a plurality of Zener diodes connected in series, and wherein the plurality of Zener diodes have negative temperature coefficients so as to compensate for a temperature behavior of the base-emitter voltage of first transistor.

11. The apparatus for charging a battery of claim 1, wherein the Zener diode arrangement includes a plurality of Zener diodes connected in series.

12. The apparatus for charging a battery of claim 1, configured to charge a battery including at least one lithium Ion battery cell.