Energy recapture for an industrial vehicle

• US 8,022,663 B2
• Filed: 05/21/2008
• Issued: 09/20/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 05/21/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hyster-Yale Materials Handling Incorporated (Nacco Industries Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: NMHG Oregon, LLC
• Inventors: Davis, James W., Fitzsimmons, Alan H., McGoldrick, Kevin J., Neil, Robert M., Rowley, John
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso; Edward
• Assistant Examiner(s): OMAR, AHMED H
• Application Number:
  US12/124,963
• Publication Number:
  US 20080290842A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,217 Days
• Field of Search: 320/104
• US Class Current: 320/104
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/24 with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1423 with multiple batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A system for capturing regenerative energy includes a battery configured to provide power for a traction motor and other operations of a vehicle and a capacitor connected to the battery. An auxiliary motor is configured to operate as a generator during a regenerative energy operation. The system further includes a controller configured to direct the regenerative energy to the capacitor during the regenerative energy operation and discharge the capacitor to provide power to the traction motor or for the other operations of the vehicle.

Claims

1. An energy recapture system comprising:

a capacitor;

a battery connected to the capacitor in an electrical circuit; and

a controller configured to;

identify a regenerative energy transfer event of a vehicle;

switch the battery out of the electrical circuit in response to identifying the regenerative energy transfer event;

monitor a state of charge of the capacitor during the regenerative energy transfer event, wherein the state of charge of the capacitor is compared with a capacitor charge limit; and

switch the battery into the electrical circuit during the regenerative energy transfer event in response to the state of charge of the capacitor reaching or exceeding the capacitor charge limit.

2. The energy recapture system according to claim 1 wherein the regenerative energy transfer event comprises lowering a load, and wherein a potential energy of the load is converted to regenerative energy by a hoist motor electrically connected to the energy recapture system.

3. The energy recapture system according to claim 1 wherein the regenerative energy transfer event comprises decelerating the vehicle, and wherein a kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted to regenerative energy by a traction motor electrically connected to the energy recapture system.

4. The energy recapture system according to claim 1 wherein the battery is a lead acid battery and wherein the capacitor is a high capacity ultra-capacitor.

5. The energy recapture system according to claim 1 further comprising:

a battery contactor configured to switch out the battery while the capacitor is being charged and discharged.

6. The energy recapture system according to claim 5 further comprising:

a capacitor contactor configured to switch out the capacitor during a capacitor pre-charge event and a capacitor overcharge event.

7. The energy recapture system according to claim 6 wherein the capacitor pre-charge event comprises pre-charging the capacitor to a voltage approximately equal to that of the battery to avoid an excessive in-rush of power to the capacitor.

8. The energy recapture system according to claim 1 wherein the battery and the capacitor are integrated into a unitary power module comprising a single negative terminal.

9. The energy recapture system according to claim 8 wherein the unitary power module further comprises a first positive terminal connected to the capacitor and a second positive terminal connected to the battery.

10. The energy recapture system according to claim 1 wherein the state of charge is monitored according to a measured capacitor voltage.

21. The energy recapture system according to claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to:

adjust a minimum allowable capacitor discharge threshold value according to a change in battery voltage; and

discharge the capacitor to provide power to the vehicle, wherein the capacitor ceases discharging when the supply voltage drops to, or falls below, the adjusted minimum allowable capacitor discharge threshold value.

11. A system for capturing regenerative energy comprising:

a battery configured to provide power for a traction motor and other operations of a vehicle;

a capacitor connected to the battery;

an auxiliary motor configured to operate as a generator during a regenerative energy operation; and

a controller configured to;

direct the regenerative energy to the capacitor during the regenerative energy operation;

monitor a change in battery voltage;

adjust a minimum allowable capacitor discharge threshold value according to the change in battery voltage;

monitor a supply voltage; and

discharge the capacitor to provide power to the traction motor or for the other operations of the vehicle, wherein the capacitor ceases discharging when the supply voltage drops to, or falls below, the adjusted minimum allowable capacitor discharge threshold value.

12. The system according to claim 11 wherein the auxiliary motor is a hoist motor configured to raise and lower a load and wherein the regenerative energy operation comprises lowering the load.

13. The system according to claim 11 wherein the capacitor is connected to the battery in parallel.

14. The system according to claim 11 wherein, prior to the discharge of the capacitor, the controller is further configured to:

switch the battery out of a vehicle electrical circuit in response to identifying the regenerative energy operation;

determine a state of charge of the capacitor during the regenerative energy operation; and

switch the battery back into the vehicle electrical circuit in response to the state of charge of the capacitor reaching or exceeding a maximum allowable capacitor charge limit voltage threshold value.

15. The system according to claim 14 wherein the controller is further configured to:

switch the capacitor out of the vehicle electrical circuit in response to the state of charge of the capacitor reaching or exceeding the maximum allowable capacitor charge limit voltage threshold value.

16. The system according to claim 15 wherein the capacitor is switched out of the vehicle electrical circuit substantially simultaneously as the battery is switched in.

17. The system according to claim 15 wherein, prior to the discharge of the capacitor, the controller is further configured to:

switch the capacitor back into the vehicle electrical circuit; and

switch the battery back out of the vehicle electrical circuit.

18. The system according to claim 14 wherein the controller is further configured to:

direct the regenerative energy to power concurrent operations of the vehicle during the regenerative energy operation.

19. The system according to claim 18 wherein, after the capacitor is switched out of the vehicle electrical circuit and prior to the discharge of the capacitor, the controller is further configured to:

charge the battery with any regenerative energy in excess of that used to power the concurrent operations.

20. The system according to claim 14 wherein, prior to the discharge of the capacitor, the controller is further configured to:

direct the regenerative energy away from the capacitor and toward the battery during the regenerative energy operation.

30. The system according to claim 11 wherein the minimum allowable capacitor discharge threshold value is approximately equal to the battery voltage.

22. A system comprising:

a capacitor;

a battery connected to the capacitor in an electrical circuit;

means for identifying a regenerative energy transfer event of a vehicle;

means for switching the battery out of the electrical circuit in response to identifying the regenerative energy transfer event;

means for monitoring a temperature of the capacitor during the regenerative energy transfer event, wherein the temperature of the capacitor is compared with an allowable charging temperature threshold; and

means for switching the battery into the electrical circuit during the regenerative energy transfer event in response to the temperature of the capacitor reaching or exceeding the allowable charging temperature threshold.

23. The system according to claim 22 wherein regenerative energy associated with the regenerative energy transfer event is redirected from the capacitor to the battery in response to switching the battery into the electrical circuit.

24. The system according to claim 22 wherein the means for switching the battery into the electrical circuit comprises means for switching the battery into the electrical circuit prior to discharging the capacitor.

25. A method comprising:

identifying a regenerative energy transfer event of a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises a battery connected to a capacitor in an electrical circuit;

switching the battery out of the electrical circuit in response to identifying the regenerative energy transfer event;

monitoring a state of charge of the capacitor during the regenerative energy transfer event, wherein the state of charge of the capacitor is compared with a capacitor charge limit; and

switching the battery into the electrical circuit during the regenerative energy transfer event in response to the state of charge of the capacitor reaching or exceeding the capacitor charge limit.

26. The method according to claim 25 further comprising:

monitoring a change in battery voltage;

adjusting a minimum allowable capacitor discharge threshold value according to the change in battery voltage;

monitoring a supply voltage; and

discharging the capacitor to provide power to the vehicle, wherein the capacitor ceases discharging when the supply voltage drops to, or falls below, the adjusted minimum allowable capacitor discharge threshold value.

27. The method according to claim 26 wherein switching the battery into the electrical circuit during the regenerative energy transfer event comprises switching the battery into the electrical circuit prior to discharging the capacitor.

28. The method according to claim 26 further comprising:

charging the capacitor with regenerative energy during the regenerative energy transfer event; and

charging the battery with the regenerative energy during the regenerative energy transfer event after charging the capacitor, wherein the battery is charged prior to discharging the capacitor.

29. The method according to claim 26 wherein the minimum allowable capacitor discharge threshold value is adjusted to be approximately equal to the battery voltage.