Bootstrap circuit for H-bridge structure utilizing N-channel high-side fets

• US 8,022,746 B1
• Filed: 02/07/2008
• Issued: 09/20/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 02/07/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: National Semiconductor Corporation (Texas Instruments, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: National Semiconductor Corporation (Texas Instruments, Inc.)
• Inventors: Signoretti, Barry, Anderson, David I., Zhang, Jianhui
• Primary Examiner(s): Wells; Kenneth B.
• Application Number:
  US12/027,781
• Time in Patent Office: 1,321 Days
• Field of Search: 327/423, 327/424, 327/390, 327/588, 327/589
• US Class Current: 327/423
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/08 Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/6871 the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0045 Full bridges, determining the direction of the current through the load
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0063 High side switches, i.e. the higher potential [DC] or life wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/0081 Power supply means, e.g. to the switch driver

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and method for driving high-side switching devices in an H-Bridge circuit. The apparatus includes first and second N-Channel high-side switching devices. Each of the high-side switching devices is associated with, and is selectively driven by, a driver circuit. Each of the driver circuits is associated with, and is powered from, a bootstrap capacitor. The apparatus further includes a cross-couple circuit that is arranged to charge each of the bootstrap capacitors based, at least in part, on whether the low-side switching device that is associated with the other bootstrap capacitor is open or closed.

Claims

1. A circuit for providing power, comprising:

a switching circuit, including;

a first switching device;

a second switching device;

a third switching device; and

a fourth switching device, wherein the first switching device, the second switching device, the third switching device, and the fourth switching device are arranged to operate as an H-Bridge circuit, and wherein the first switching device and the second switching device are arranged as high-side switching devices;

a first driver circuit that is arranged to selectively drive the first switching device;

a first bootstrap capacitor that is arranged to provide power to the first driver circuit;

a second driver circuit that is arranged to selectively drive the second switching device;

a second bootstrap capacitor that is arranged to provide power to the second driver circuit; and

a cross-couple circuit that is arranged to enable charging of the first bootstrap capacitor via current through selectively either the cross-couple circuit or another current path that is distinct from the cross-couple circuit based, at least in part, on whether the fourth switching device is open or closed, wherein the cross-couple circuit is coupled between the first bootstrap capacitor and the second bootstrap capacitor.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein each of the first switching device and the second switching device includes at least one of:

an N-Channel field-effect transistor (FET) or an N-Channel insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first bootstrap capacitor is further arranged to be charged based, in part, on whether the third switching device is open or closed.

4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first driver circuit is arranged to operate as a level-shifting circuit.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first driver circuit includes at least a first power terminal and a second power terminal, and wherein the first bootstrap capacitor is coupled between the first power terminal of the first driver circuit and the second power terminal of the first driver circuit.

6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the cross-couple circuit is further arranged to enable charging of the second bootstrap capacitor via current through the cross-couple circuit based, at least in part, on whether the third switching device is open or closed.

7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the cross-couple circuit includes:

a resistor that is coupled between the first bootstrap capacitor and the second bootstrap capacitor.

8. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the cross-couple circuit includes:

a first diode that is coupled to the first bootstrap capacitor;

a first resistor that is coupled between the first diode and the second bootstrap capacitor;

a second diode that is coupled to the second bootstrap capacitor; and

a second resistor that is coupled between the second diode and the first bootstrap capacitor.

9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the first diode and the second diode are Schottky diodes, and wherein the first resistor has an associated resistance value that is less than approximately 1 MegaOhm.

10. The circuit of claim 5, further comprising:

a first bootstrap diode that is coupled between a power supply node and the first power terminal of the first driver circuit, wherein the second driver circuit includes at least a first power terminal and a second power terminal, and wherein the second bootstrap capacitor is coupled between the first power terminal of the second driver circuit and the second power terminal of the second driver circuit; and

a second bootstrap diode that is coupled between the power supply node and the second power terminal of the second driver circuit,

wherein the cross-coupled circuit and the first bootstrap diode are arranged to enable charging of the first bootstrap capacitor via current through the cross-couple circuit when the fourth switching device is closed, and to enable charging of the first bootstrap capacitor via current through the first bootstrap diode when the third switching device is closed; and

wherein the cross-coupled circuit and the second bootstrap diode are arranged to enable charging of the second bootstrap capacitor via current through the cross-couple circuit when the third switching device is closed, and to enable charging via current through the second bootstrap diode when the fourth switching device is closed.

11. A circuit for providing power, comprising:

a switching circuit, including;

a first switching device that is coupled between an input node and a first switch node;

a second switching device that is coupled at least to a second switch node;

a third switching device that is coupled between the first switch node and a common node; and

a fourth switching device that is coupled between the second switch node and the common node;

a first driver circuit having at least a first power terminal and a second power terminal, wherein the first power terminal of the first driver circuit is coupled to a first bootstrap node and the second power terminal of the first driver circuit is coupled to the first switch node;

a first bootstrap capacitor that is coupled to the first bootstrap node and to the first switch node, wherein the first bootstrap capacitor is arranged to be charged via selectively either a current path between the first bootstrap node and a second bootstrap node or another current path that is distinct from the current path between the first bootstrap node and the second bootstrap node based, at least in part, on whether the third switching device is open or closed and on whether the fourth switching device is open or closed;

a second driver circuit having at least a first power terminal and a second power terminal, wherein the first power terminal of the second driver circuit is coupled to the second bootstrap node and the second power terminal of the second driver circuit is coupled to the second switch node; and

a second bootstrap capacitor that is coupled to the second bootstrap node and to the second switch node.

12. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the first switching device, the second switching device, the third switching device, and the fourth switching device are arranged to operate as an H-Bridge circuit, and wherein the first switching device and the second switching device are arranged as high-side switching devices.

13. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the switching circuit is arranged to provide an output voltage or an output current at an output node, and wherein the second switching device is further coupled to the output node.

14. The circuit of claim 11, further comprising:

an inductor that is coupled between the first switch node and the second switch node; and

a regulator controller that is arranged to control at least the first switching device and the third switching device to provide buck mode power regulation, and that is further arranged to control at least the second switching device and the fourth switching device to provide boost mode power regulation.

15. The circuit of claim 11, further comprising:

a motor that is coupled between the first switch node and the second switch node.

16. The circuit of claim 11, wherein the second bootstrap capacitor is arranged to be charged via a current path between the first bootstrap node and the second bootstrap node based, at least in part, on whether the third switching device is open or closed and on whether the fourth switching device is open or closed.

17. The circuit of claim 11, further comprising:

a cross-couple circuit that is arranged to charge the first bootstrap capacitor while the fourth switching device is closed, and to charge the second bootstrap capacitor while the third switching device is closed.

18. The circuit of claim 17, wherein the cross-couple circuit includes:

a first diode that is coupled to the first bootstrap node;

a first resistor that is coupled between the first diode and the second bootstrap capacitor;

a second diode that is coupled to the second bootstrap node; and

a second resistor that is coupled between the second diode and the first bootstrap capacitor.

19. The circuit of claim 17, wherein the cross-couple circuit is coupled between the first bootstrap node and the second bootstrap node.

20. The circuit of claim 17, further comprising:

a first bootstrap diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the cathode of the first bootstrap diode is coupled to the first bootstrap node and the anode of the first bootstrap diode is arranged to receive a bootstrap power signal; and

a second bootstrap diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the cathode of the second bootstrap diode is coupled to the second bootstrap node and the anode of the second bootstrap diode is arranged to receive the bootstrap power signal.

21. A method of providing power, comprising:

employing a first driver circuit to selectively drive a first high-side N-Channel switching device of an H-Bridge circuit;

employing a second driver circuit to selectively drive a second high-side N-Channel switching device of the H-Bridge circuit;

selectively switching a first low-side switching device of the H-Bridge circuit, wherein the first low-side switching device is coupled to the first high-side switching device;

selectively switching a second low-side switching device of the H-Bridge circuit, wherein the second low-side switching device is coupled to the second high-side switching device;

charging a first bootstrap capacitor via selectively either a current path between the first bootstrap capacitor and the second bootstrap capacitor or another current path that is distinct from the current path between the first bootstrap capacitor and the second bootstrap capacitor based, at least in part, on whether the second low-side switching device is open or closed;

charging a second bootstrap;

employing the first bootstrap capacitor to power, at least in part, the first driver circuit; and

employing the second bootstrap capacitor to power, at least in part, the second driver circuit.