Dynamic imaging and/or identification apparatus and method thereof

• US 8,023,175 B2
• Filed: 02/06/2009
• Issued: 09/20/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 02/06/2009
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Inventors: Morgan, Brian Carl
• Primary Examiner(s): Sugarman; Scott J
• Assistant Examiner(s): PATEL, VIPIN
• Application Number:
  US12/367,087
• Publication Number:
  US 20100202040A1
• Time in Patent Office: 956 Days
• Field of Search: 359290-295
• US Class Current: 359/295
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/0841 the reflecting element being moved or deformed by electrostatic means
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07703 the interface being visual

Abstract

A preferred embodiment comprises a dynamic display based on a program image element which will only generate a preprogrammed image. As an example, the image element may comprise electrically-driven MEMS mirrors. This example may be embedded in an ID card. At the time of issue of the ID card, pixels in the mirror array will be permanently programmed as either ‘alive’ or ‘dead’ in a pattern matching the photo of the person in question. When stimulated, only ‘alive’ pixels will actuate, creating an image for comparison to the adjacent printed photo. Due to its dynamic behavior, delicate mechanical structures, and single-time hard-wiring, duplication of, or tampering with, this secondary dynamic image will be nearly impossible. The ID car is but one exemplary application and other embodiments, applications, and methods are described in the specification and claims.

Claims

1. A device for generating an image comprising:

a substrate;

an array of image elements operatively connected to the substrate, each image element comprising first and second electrodes,

the first and second electrodes adapted to be connected to a power source;

each of the image elements having an inactive state in which the image elements operate to reflect light in a first direction when no voltage potential is applied to the first and second electrodes; and

an active state where the image element reflects light other than the first direction when a voltage potential is applied to at least one of the first and second electrodes;

programming circuitry connected to each of the image elements to program whether or not the image element is in an active or inactive state;

the programming circuitry comprising a switch, a first terminal operatively connected to the actuating terminal of the switch;

a second terminal operatively connected to a second terminal of the switch; and

a frangible element connected to one of the first or second electrodes;

the programming circuit being such when determined voltage potentials are applied to the first and second terminals, the current flowing through the switch causes the frangible element to melt and thereby deactivate the pixel such that it will remain in the inactive state when the activation circuitry receives power from a power source;

activation circuitry interconnecting at least one of the first or second electrodes;

the activation circuitry adapted to be connected to a power source;

whereby when the activation circuitry receives power from a power source, the image elements in the array which are not in an active state will reflect light in predominately in a first direction; and

those image elements in an active state will reflect light predominately in a direction other than the first direction to thereby display an image.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the programming circuitry programs the image elements permanently.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the switch is a transistor and the actuating terminal is the gate of the transistor.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the light reflected by the image element is reflected by a reflective surface operatively associated with the first electrode;

and when a voltage is applied to the activation circuitry, the first electrodes of the active image elements will bend in a direction substantially towards the location of the second electrodes and the first electrodes of the inactive image elements will remain substantially unchanged.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein a piezoelectric layer is positioned between the first and second electrodes;

whereby when a voltage is applied to the activation circuitry, at least a portion of the first electrodes of the active image elements will bend in a direction substantially towards the substrate and the first electrodes of the inactive image elements will remain substantially unchanged.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the substrate is plastic and the image elements are embedded in an identification card.

7. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the first electrodes comprises a flexible metal having a reflective surface associated therewith, whereby when a voltage is applied to the activation circuitry, the flexible metal flexes so as to change the angle of reflection of the light impinging thereon.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein when a voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes for each of the pixels in the array, an image is created by differences in the reflection angles of the first electrodes in the active image elements.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first electrodes comprises a flexible metal having a reflective surface associated therewith, the metal flexing whereby when a voltage is applied to the activation circuitry, the flexible metal flexes so as to change the angle of reflection of the light impinging thereon.

10. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the first electrodes comprises a surface which reflects or diffracts multiple color tones depending upon the displacement of the first electrodes.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein the surface comprises a diffraction grating.

12. The device of claim 1 wherein the activation circuitry can only be activated by a remote source.

13. The device of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises a piezoelectric crystal which provides a voltage potential to the activation circuitry.

14. A portable identification device comprising:

a flexible plastic substrate;

at least one image element embedded in the substrate, the at least one image element being connected to first and second electrodes,

the first and second electrodes adapted to be connected to a power source;

programming circuitry connected to the at least one image elements to program a predetermined image into the at least one image element;

at least one transparent tamper-proof cover permanently mounted to the flexible plastic substrate completely covering the at least one image element;

such that the image displayed by the at least one image element cannot be changed without damaging the tamper-proof cover;

activation circuitry interconnecting at least one of the first or second electrodes;

the activation circuitry adapted to be connected to a power source;

whereby when the activation circuitry receives power from a power source, the at least one image element displays a predetermined image.

15. The device of claim 14 wherein the programming circuitry comprises a switch, a first terminal operatively connected to the actuating terminal of the switch;

a second terminal operatively connected to a second terminal of the switch; and

a frangible element;

the programming circuitry being such when predetermined voltage potentials are applied to the first and second terminals, the current flowing through the switch causes the frangible element to melt and thereby deactivate the pixel such that it will remain in the inactive state when the activation circuitry receives power from a power source.

16. The device of claim 14 wherein there is a plurality of image elements each comprising a first electrode wherein the surface of the first electrodes is reflective, and wherein the image displayed by the at least one image element cannot be changed without damaging the tamper-proof cover and the image element protected by the tamper proof cover.

17. An apparatus containing a tamperproof image comprising:

a substrate;

an array of image elements operatively connected to the substrate, each image element comprising first and second electrodes, the first and second electrodes adapted to be connected to a power source;

activation circuitry interconnecting at least one of the first or second electrodes;

the activation circuitry adapted to be connected to a power source;

each of the image elements having an inactive state in which the image elements operate to reflect light in a first direction when no voltage potential is applied to the first and second electrodes;

programming circuitry connected to each of the image elements operating to program the array to display an image when a voltage is applied to die activation circuitry by selectively disconnecting certain of the image elements from at least one connection to the activation circuitry such current cannot flow from the activation circuitry to the selected image elements thereby rendering the associated image element permanently in the inactive state;

the image elements which are not permanently in the inactive state being activated by the activation circuitry such that the image elements reflect light other than in the first direction when a voltage potential is applied to at least one of the first and second electrodes through the activation circuitry;

whereby the combination the image elements which are disconnected and the image elements which are activated by the activation circuitry form an image which is displayed upon the application of a voltage to the activation circuitry.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the array of image elements comprises a microelectrical mechanical optical display.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein when a voltage is applied to the activation circuitry of the microelectrical mechanical optical display, the light reflected from the image elements which are inactive to an observer position will contrast with the light substantially not reflected by active image elements to the observer position to thereby generate a programmed image.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the image generated is that of a subject and the substrate is an identification card for the subject.