Sketch-based password authentication
First Claim
1. A method for authentication, comprising:
- extracting a preliminary edge orientation pattern that fits in a first dimension from an input sketch of a user, the preliminary edge orientation pattern including a set of quantized orientation patterns;
obtaining an input edge orientation pattern by scaling the preliminary orientation pattern that fits in the first dimension to fit into a second dimension that is smaller than the first dimension by blurring, the scaling reducing a corresponding size of each quantized orientation pattern;
measuring an edge orientation similarity between the input edge orientation pattern and a template edge orientation pattern; and
making an authentication decision at least partially based on the edge orientation similarity,wherein a size of the second dimension is selected to achieve a desired balance between a false acceptance rate and a false rejection rate of authentication, and wherein extracting the preliminary edge orientation pattern comprises;
computing a gradient orientation of image intensity in the input sketch;
quantizing the gradient orientation to each r th orientation of R number of quantized orientations, where r=1,2, . . . , R; and
computing the preliminary edge orientation pattern from the quantized gradient orientation.
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Abstract
A graphical password authentication method is based on sketches drawn by user. The method extracts a template edge orientation pattern from an initial sketch of the user and an input edge orientation pattern from an input sketch of the user, compares the similarity between the two edge orientation patterns, and makes an authentication decision based on the similarity. The edge orientations are quantized, and each edge orientation pattern includes a set of quantized orientation patterns each corresponding to one of the quantized edge orientations. The number of quantized edge orientations, as well as other parameters such as the dimension of the final orientation patterns and acceptance threshold, can be optimized either globally or user-specifically.
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Citations
16 Claims
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1. A method for authentication, comprising:
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extracting a preliminary edge orientation pattern that fits in a first dimension from an input sketch of a user, the preliminary edge orientation pattern including a set of quantized orientation patterns; obtaining an input edge orientation pattern by scaling the preliminary orientation pattern that fits in the first dimension to fit into a second dimension that is smaller than the first dimension by blurring, the scaling reducing a corresponding size of each quantized orientation pattern; measuring an edge orientation similarity between the input edge orientation pattern and a template edge orientation pattern; and making an authentication decision at least partially based on the edge orientation similarity, wherein a size of the second dimension is selected to achieve a desired balance between a false acceptance rate and a false rejection rate of authentication, and wherein extracting the preliminary edge orientation pattern comprises; computing a gradient orientation of image intensity in the input sketch; quantizing the gradient orientation to each r th orientation of R number of quantized orientations, where r=1,2, . . . , R; and computing the preliminary edge orientation pattern from the quantized gradient orientation. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A method for authentication, comprising:
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extracting a corresponding initial edge orientation pattern for each of multiple initial sketches of an image produced by user; averaging the initial edge orientation patterns to obtain a template edge orientation pattern; receiving an input sketch from the user entered for authentication; extracting an input edge orientation pattern of the input sketch; measuring an edge orientation similarity between input edge orientation pattern and a template edge orientation pattern; making an authentication decision at least partially based on the edge orientation similarity; estimating a false acceptance rate and false rejection rate of the template edge orientation pattern based on an initial sketch of the user; and suggesting an alternative image for obtaining at least on corresponding additional sketch from the user if the false acceptance rate and false rejection rate is unsatisfactory according to a predefined standard, wherein extracting the input edge orientation pattern comprises; computing a gradient orientation of image intensity in the input sketch;
quantizing the gradient orientation to each r th orientation of R number of quantized orientations, where r=1,2, . . . , R; andcomputing the input edge orientation pattern using the quantized gradient orientation. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15)
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16. One or more computer readable media having stored thereupon a plurality of instructions that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
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determine a number of quantized orientations for generating quantized orientation patterns that achieve a desired balance between a false acceptance rate and a false rejection rate for an input sketch-based user authentication; extract an input edge orientation pattern from an input sketch of a user, the input edge orientation pattern including a set of quantized orientation patterns that corresponds to the number of quantized orientations; measure an edge orientation similarity between input edge orientation pattern and a template edge orientation pattern having a set of template quantized orientation patterns that corresponds to the number of quantized orientations; and make an authentication decision at least partially based on the edge orientation similarity, wherein extracting the input edge orientation pattern comprises; computing a gradient orientation of image intensity in the input sketch;
quantizing the gradient orientation to each r th orientation of R number of quantized orientations, where r=1,2, . . . , R; andcomputing the input edge orientation pattern using the quantized gradient orientation.
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Specification