Encoding and decoding media signals

• US 8,027,510 B2
• Filed: 07/13/2010
• Issued: 09/27/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Rhoads, Geoffrey B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Couso; Jose
• Application Number:
  US12/835,542
• Publication Number:
  US 20110007936A1
• Time in Patent Office: 441 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 382/232, 382/236, 358/328, 380201-203, 380/210, 380/216, 380/231, 380/287, 348460-461, 348473-474, 370527-529
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 25/00 Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof printing processes to produce identification or security features B41M3/14
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 25/333 Watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/955 using information identifiers, e.g. uniform resource locators [URL]
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06037 multi-dimensional coding
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06046 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/14 the marking being sensed by radiation
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/18 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 2019/06253 for a specific application
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1417 2D bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/1447 extracting optical codes from image or text carrying said optical code
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/1235 with control of digital rights management [DRM]
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/341 Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/40145 Biometric identity checks
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/005 Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0064 Geometric transfor invariant watermarking, e.g. affine transform invariant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0071 using multiple or alternating watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0052 Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0061 Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0064 : for copy protection or copy management, e.g. CGMS, copy only once, one-time copy
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0065 : Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/40 : Document-oriented image-based pattern recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/253 : visually
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0034 : using watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/004 : using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/086 : by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer for security documents G07D7/00; for the reading of record-carriers in general G06K7/00; for the design of coded credit-cards G06K19/10
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1008 : Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/018 : Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 : Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00884 : involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00891 : embedded in audio data
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/31 : using in-band signals, e.g. subsonic or cue signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/06 : for supporting key management in a packet data network cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for key management H04L9/08
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/00005 : relating to image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/00037 : Detecting, i.e. determining the occurrence of a predetermined state H04N1/00031 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/00079 : remotely
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32122 : in a separate device, e.g. in a memory or on a display separate from image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32144 : embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32149 : Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32154 : Transform domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/3216 : using Fourier transforms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32187 : with selective or adaptive application of the additional information, e.g. in selected frequency coefficients
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32203 : Spatial or amplitude domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32208 : involving changing the magnitude of selected pixels, e.g. overlay of information or super-imposition H04N1/32219, H04N1/32224 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32229 : with selective or adaptive application of the additional information, e.g. in selected regions of the image H04N1/32213 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32251 : in multilevel data, e.g. greyscale or continuous tone data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32288 : Multiple embedding, e.g. cocktail embedding, or redundant embedding, e.g. repeating the additional information at a plurality of locations in the image
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32352 : Controlling detectability or arrangements to facilitate detection or retrieval of the embedded information, e.g. using markers for decoding, detection or retrieval operations H04N1/32149 and subgroups take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/467 : characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/645 : by grouping of coefficients into blocks after the transform
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 : involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/44008 : involving operations for analysing video streams, e.g. detecting features or characteristics in the video stream arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition of video in broadcast systems H04H60/59
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4627 : Rights management associated to the content security in data switching network management H04L41/28; security management or policies for network security H04L63/20; access security in wireless networks H04W12/08
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 : involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3205 : of identification information, e.g. name or ID code H04N2201/3209 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3207 : of an address
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3225 : of data relating to an image, a page or a document
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3226 : of identification information or the like, e.g. ID code, index, title, part of an image, reduced-size image
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/323 : for tracing or tracking, e.g. forensic tracing of unauthorized copies
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 : of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 : which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3271 : Printing or stamping
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3274 : Storage or retrieval of prestored additional information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/328 : Processing of the additional information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3284 : for error correction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/163 : by receiver means only

Abstract

The present disclosure relates generally to encoding and decoding signals from media signals. One claim recites an apparatus comprising: electronic memory for storing blocks of a media signal; an electronic processor programmed for: determining a detection metric for the blocks, the detection metric comprising a measure of coincidence of detection parameters of different blocks; and performing detection operations based on the measure of coincidence of the detection parameters. Of course, other claims and combinations are provided as well.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

electronic memory for storing blocks of a media signal;

an electronic processor coupled to the electronic memory and configured to;

determine a detection metric for the blocks, the detection metric comprising a measure of coincidence of detection parameters of different blocks; and

perform detection operations based on the measure of coincidence of the detection parameters.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detection parameters include synchronization parameters.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the synchronization parameters comprises geometric registration parameters.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detection operations include selecting blocks from which to detect the embedded signal.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein selecting blocks further comprises ranking blocks based on the detection metric.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detection operations include combining information from selected blocks and detecting an embedded signal from the combined information.

7. The apparatus of claim 1. wherein the detection operations include selecting blocks based on the detection metric, extracting an embedded signal from the selected blocks, and comparing results of extracting the embedded signal from the selected blocks as a second detection metric.

8. A method comprising:

receiving information for embedding in a media signal;

using an electronic processor, encrypting the information to form an encrypted signal, the encrypted signal comprising elements that correspond to attributes of the media signal; and

using an electronic processor, encoding the encrypted signal in the media signal, wherein encoding includes quantizing attributes of the media signal.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising encoding an un-encrypted component in addition to the encrypted signal in the media signal.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the un-encrypted component comprises orientation data used to determine orientation of the encoded encrypted signal in the media signal.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the media signal comprises an image signal.

12. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions stored therein, that if executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:

receiving information for embedding in a media signal;

encrypting the information to form an encrypted signal, the encrypted signal comprising elements that correspond to attributes of the media signal; and

encoding the encrypted signal in the media signal, wherein encoding includes quantizing attributes of the media signal.

13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12 wherein an un-encrypted component comprises orientation data used to determine orientation of the encoded encrypted signal in the media signal.

14. An apparatus comprising an electronic processor configured to:

receive information for embedding in a media signal;

encrypt the information to form an encrypted signal, the encrypted signal comprising elements that correspond to attributes of the media signal; and

encode the encrypted signal in the media signal, wherein encoding includes quantizing attributes of the media signal.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein an un-encrypted component comprises orientation data used to determine orientation of the encoded encrypted signal in the media signal.

16. A method comprising:

using an electronic processor , generating first and second decoding signals using first and second encryption keys, respectively, wherein the first and second decoding signal are for extracting an encoded message from a digital watermark encoded in a media signal;

using a programmed electronic processor, extracting estimates of the encoded message using the first and second decoding signals; and

determining whether the estimates are valid using error detection.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first and second encryption keys are used to generate first and second carrier signals used in decoding the digital watermark.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first and second encryption keys are used to decrypt different components of the digital watermark signal.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the first and second encryption keys are used to generate different mappings of the digital watermark to attributes of the media signal, and the different mappings are used in decoding the digital watermark.

20. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions stored therein, that if executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:

generating first and second decoding signals using first and second encryption keys, respectively, wherein the first and second decoding signal are for extracting an encoded message from a digital watermark encoded in a media signal;

extracting estimates of the encoded message using the first and second decoding signals; and

determining whether the estimates are valid using error detection.

21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 20 wherein the first and second encryption keys are used to decrypt different components of the digital watermark signal.

22. An apparatus comprising an electronic processor configured to:

generate first and second decoding signals using first and second encryption keys, respectively, the first and second decoding signal are for extracting an encoded message from a digital watermark encoded in a media signal;

extract estimates of the encoded message using the first and second decoding signals; and

determine whether the estimates are valid using error detection.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the first and second encryption keys are used to decrypt different components of the digital watermark signal.