Arbitrary average data rates for variable rate coders

• US 8,032,369 B2
• Filed: 01/22/2007
• Issued: 10/04/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 01/20/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Manjunath, Sharath, Kandhadai, Ananthapadmanabhan A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dorvil; Richemond
• Assistant Examiner(s): Borsetti; Greg
• Application Number:
  US11/625,788
• Publication Number:
  US 20070171931A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,716 Days
• Field of Search: 704/229, 455/453, 455/450, 455/452.2, 370/320, 370/329, 370/332, 370/333
• US Class Current: 704/229
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/22 Mode decision, i.e. based on audio signal content versus external parameters
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/24 Variable rate codecs, e.g. for generating different qualities using a scalable representation such as hierarchical encoding or layered encoding

Abstract

Methods and apparatus are provided for achieving an arbitrary average data rate for a variable rate coder. One method includes selecting a set (e.g., a pair) of initial composite rates surrounding the arbitrary average data rate. A reallocation fraction is then calculated based on the initial composite rates. The reallocation fraction is used to reassign a number of frames from one component rate of an initial composite rate to another in order to achieve the arbitrary average data rate. Such a method may be configured such that selecting an initial composite rate on one side of (e.g., less than) the arbitrary average data rate implicitly selects the initial composite rate on the other side of the arbitrary average data rate.

Claims

1. A method for achieving an arbitrary capacity for a network, said method comprising accomplishing each of the following acts by a network configured to communicate wirelessly with a set of devices accessing the network:

determining a capacity operating point for the network;

setting a target rate for the set of devices, the target rate being set in accordance with the capacity operating point;

selecting a composite rate from among a set of composite rates, wherein each of the set of composite rates includes a first allocation of frames to a first component rate of the selected composite rate and a second allocation of frames to a second component rate of the selected composite rate;

based on the target rate and the selected composite rate, calculating a reallocation fraction;

instructing at least one of the set of devices to reassign, based on the reallocation fraction, a plurality of frames of a speech signal that are assigned to the first component rate of said selected composite rate to the second component rate of said selected composite rate, wherein the second component rate is different than the first component rate,

wherein said selected composite rate includes repeated instances of a sequence of different component rates, and

wherein said repeated instances define said first and second allocations of said selected composite rate.

2. A method for encoding frames of a speech signal according to a target rate, said method comprising:

within a device for compressing speech, selecting a composite rate from among a set of composite rates, wherein each of the set of composite rates includes a first allocation of frames to a first component rate of the selected composite rate and a second allocation of frames to a second component rate of the selected composite rate;

within the device for compressing speech, and based on the target rate and the selected composite rate, calculating a reallocation fraction;

within the device for compressing speech, and based on the reallocation fraction and the first allocation of the selected composite rate, reallocating a plurality of frames from the first component rate of the selected composite rate to the second component rate of the selected composite rate,

wherein said selected composite rate includes repeated instances of a sequence of different component rates, and

wherein said repeated instances define said first and second allocations of said selected composite rate.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said method comprises, for each among the first allocation of frames:

obtaining a value of a random variable;

evaluating a relation between the obtained value and a threshold based on the reallocation fraction; and

according to a result of said evaluating, determining whether the frame is a member of the plurality of frames to be reallocated.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein said calculating a reallocation fraction is based on a second composite rate, and

wherein one among the selected composite rate and the second composite rate is greater than the target rate and the other among the selected composite rate and the second composite rate is less than the target rate.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the reallocation fraction is calculated according to the expression:

f=(r_T−

r_i)/(r_j−

r_i),

wherein r_T is the target rate, r_i is the selected composite rate, r_j is the second composite rate, and r_i<

r_T<

r_j.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein said second composite rate is one among said set of composite rates.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein said calculating a reallocation fraction is based on an average rate over a plurality of past frames.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein said selecting a composite rate is based on the target rate.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein

said sequence is a pattern of different component rates applied to respective consecutive frames, and

wherein said reallocating a plurality of frames includes altering at least one instance of the sequence.

10. The method according to claim 2, wherein said method comprises:

encoding the plurality of reallocated frames;

calculating an average rate of a sequence of encoded frames that includes the plurality of reallocated frames; and

calculating a second value for the reallocation fraction based on the first and second composite rates, the target rate, and the calculated average rate.

11. The method according to claim 2, wherein said reallocating a plurality of frames includes altering at least one of said repeated instances.

12. The method according to claim 2, wherein each of said plurality of reallocated frames corresponds to a different one of said repeated instances.

13. The method according to claim 2, wherein said sequence is a pattern of the first and second component rates.

14. The method according to claim 2, wherein said reallocating comprises reassigning each of said plurality of frames from a prototype pitch period coding mode to a code-excited linear predictive coding mode.

15. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising:

code for causing at least one computer to select a composite rate from among a set of composite rates, wherein each of the set of composite rates includes a first allocation of frames of a speech signal to a first component rate of the selected composite rate and a second allocation of frames of the speech signal to a second component rate of the selected composite rate;

code for causing at least one computer to calculate a reallocation fraction based on the target rate and the selected composite rate;

code for causing at least one computer to reallocate, based on the reallocation fraction and the first allocation of the selected composite rate, frames from the first component rate of the selected composite rate to the second component rate of the selected composite rate,

wherein said selected composite rate includes repeated instances of a sequence of different component rates, and

wherein said repeated instances define said first and second allocations of said selected composite rate.

16. An apparatus for encoding frames of a speech signal according to a target rate, said apparatus comprising:

a rate selector configured to select a composite rate from among a set of composite rates, wherein each of the set of composite rates includes a first allocation of frames to a first component rate of the selected composite rate and a second allocation of frames to a second component rate of the selected composite rate;

a calculator configured to calculate a reallocation fraction based on the target rate and the selected composite rate; and

a frame reassignment module configured to reassign, based on the reallocation fraction and the first allocation of the selected composite rate, frames from the first component rate of the selected composite rate to the second component rate of the selected composite rat;

wherein the selected composite rate includes a pattern of different component rates applied to respective consecutive frames, and

wherein said frame reassignment module is a pattern modifier configured to reassign frames by altering at least one instance of said pattern.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said rate selector is configured to select the composite rate based on the target rate.

18. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said apparatus comprises a capacity operating point tuner including said rate selector and said calculator.

19. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein

said calculator is configured to calculate the reallocation fraction based on an average rate over a plurality of past frames.

20. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said frame reassignment module includes a modulo counter,

wherein the frame reassignment module is configured to change a count of the modulo counter using a value based on the reallocation fraction, and

wherein, for each of a plurality of frames, the frame reassignment module is configured to decide whether to reassign the frame based on a rollover of the modulo counter.

21. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said apparatus comprises:

a speech encoder configured to encode the reassigned frames at the second component rate; and

circuitry configured to transmit the encoded frames to a network for cellular radio-frequency communications.

22. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein

said calculator is configured to calculate the reallocation fraction based on a second composite rate, and

wherein one among the selected composite rate and the second composite rate is greater than the target rate and the other among the selected composite rate and the second composite rate is less than the target rate.

23. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said frame reassignment module is configured to reassign said frames from the first component rate of the selected composite rate to the second component rate of the selected composite rate by altering at least one of said repeated instances.

24. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein each of said plurality of reassigned frames corresponds to a different one of said repeated instances.

25. An apparatus for encoding frames of a speech signal according to a target rate, said apparatus comprising:

means for selecting a composite rate from among a set of composite rates, wherein each of the set of composite rates includes a first allocation of frames to a first component rate of the selected composite rate and a second allocation of frames to a second component rate of the selected composite rate;

means for calculating a reallocation fraction based on the target rate and the selected composite rate; and

means for reallocating a plurality of frames from the first component rate of the selected composite rate to the second component rate of the selected composite rate, based on the reallocation fraction and the first allocation of the selected composite rate,

wherein said selected composite rate includes repeated instances of a pattern of the first and second component rates, and

wherein said repeated instances define said first and second allocations of said selected composite rate.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein each of said plurality of reallocated frames corresponds to a different one of said repeated instances, and

wherein said means for reallocating a plurality of frames is configured to alter, for each of said plurality of frames, said corresponding repeated instance, and

wherein said means for reallocating is configured to reassign each of said plurality of frames from a prototype pitch period coding mode to a code-excited linear predictive coding mode.