Implantable tissue perfusion sensing system and method

• US 8,038,626 B2
• Filed: 02/28/2008
• Issued: 10/18/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 02/28/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Cinbis, Can, Carney, James K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gedeon; Brian T
• Application Number:
  US12/039,326
• Publication Number:
  US 20080208269A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,328 Days
• Field of Search: 600322-324, 600/508, 600/509, 607/6, 607/14, 607/18, 607/22, 607/88
• US Class Current: 600/508
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/024 Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate A61B5/0205, A61B5/021 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14542 for measuring blood gases A61B5/14551 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1459 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1464 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/361 Detecting fibrillation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/363 Detecting tachycardia or bradycardia
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7214 using signal cancellation, e.g. based on input of two identical physiological sensors spaced apart, or based on two signals derived from the same sensor, for different optical wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3925 Monitoring; Protecting

Abstract

A medical device system for sensing cardiac events that includes a plurality of electrodes sensing cardiac signals utilized to identify a cardiac event, a plurality of light sources capable of emitting light at a plurality of wavelengths, and a detector to detect the emitted light. A processor determines a plurality of light measurements in response to the emitted light detected by the detector, determines changes in perfusion in response to first changes in the plurality of light measurements in a direction indicative of a decrease in blood oxygenation and second changes in a direction indicative of a decrease in blood volume, and adjusts delivery of therapy by the device in response to the determined loss of perfusion.

Claims

1. A medical device system for sensing cardiac events, comprising:

a plurality of electrodes sensing cardiac signals utilized to identify a cardiac event;

a plurality of light sources capable of emitting light at a plurality of wavelengths;

a detector to detect the emitted light; and

a processor to determine a plurality of light measurements in response to the emitted light detected by the detector, determine changes in perfusion in response to first changes in the plurality of light measurements in a direction indicative of a decrease in blood oxygenation and second changes in a direction indicative of a decrease in blood volume, and adjusting delivery of therapy by the device in response to the determined loss of perfusion, wherein the processor determines an isobestic blood volume index in response to determined light measurements of the plurality of light measurements from a first light source of the plurality of light sources emitting light at an isobestic wavelength, determines an oxygen index associated with light measurements of light measurements of the plurality of light measurements from a light source of the plurality of light sources other than the first light source, and determines the first changes in response to the oxygen index.

2. The device system of claim 1, wherein the processor determines the changes in perfusion in response to a weighted sum of the first changes and the second changes.

3. The device system of claim 1, wherein the processor determines the first changes during a first time period subsequent to the detector detecting the emitted light, and determines the second changes during a second time period different from the first time period.

4. The device system of claim 1, wherein the processor adjusts delivery of therapy in response to a rate change associated with the first changes and the second changes.

5. The device system of claim 1, wherein the processor determines an isobestic baseline in response to light detected from the first light source and determines a corresponding isobestic blood volume index by comparing current light measurements from the first light source to the isobestic baseline.

6. The device system of claim 5, wherein the processor determines a scaling factor corresponding to a light source other than the first light source, and determines a second blood volume index for the light source other than the first light source in response to a product of the scaling factor and the isobestic blood volume index.

7. The device system of claim 6, wherein the processor determines the oxygen index in response to a difference between a normalized value of light measurements from the light source other than the first light source.

8. The device system of claim 1, wherein the processor corrects light measurements determined in response to the emitted light detected by the detector for effects of one or more of ambient light, tissue encapsulation, and mechanical motion.

9. A medical device system for sensing cardiac events, comprising:

a plurality of electrodes sensing cardiac signals utilized to identify a cardiac event;

a plurality of light sources capable of emitting light at a plurality of wavelengths;

a detector to detect the emitted light; and

a processor to determine a plurality of light measurements in response to the emitted light detected by the detector, determine changes in perfusion in response to first changes in the plurality of light measurements in a direction indicative of a decrease in blood oxygenation and second changes in a direction indicative of a decrease in blood volume, and adjusting delivery of therapy by the device in response to the determined loss of perfusion, wherein the processor determines a blood volume index in response to determined light measurements of the plurality of light measurements from a first light source of the plurality of light sources emitting light at an isobestic wavelength, and determines the second changes in response to the blood volume index.

10. The device system of claim 9, wherein the processor determines an isobestic baseline in response to light detected from the first light source and determines the blood volume index by comparing a current light measurement to the isobestic baseline.

11. The device system of claim 10, wherein the processor determines a scaling factor corresponding to a second light source other than the first light source, and determines a second blood volume index for the second light source in response to a product of the scaling factor and the blood volume index determined for the first light source.