Synchronization of sequential phase switchings in driving stator windings of a multiphase sensorless brushless motor at sub BEMF-detectability speeds

• US 8,040,095 B2
• Filed: 07/15/2008
• Issued: 10/18/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 07/25/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: STMicroelectronics SRL (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Original Assignee: STMicroelectronics SRL (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Inventors: Berto, Michele Boscolo
• Primary Examiner(s): Masih; Karen
• Application Number:
  US12/173,215
• Publication Number:
  US 20090026991A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,190 Days
• Field of Search: 318/400.35, 318/400.34, 318/400.13, 318/400.11, 318/721, 318/500, 318/615, 318/596, 318/661, 318/723, 318/439
• US Class Current: 318/400.35
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/182 using back-emf in windings

Abstract

The method of synchronizing sequential phase switchings in driving stator windings of a multiphase sensorless brushless motor with a reconstructed information on the current angular position of a permanent magnet rotor, includes sampling on a currently non-conductive stator winding a voltage induced thereon by the resultant magnetic field produced by the drive current forced through currently conductive stator windings that inverts its sign when the rotor transitions across a plurality of significant angular positions, at which orthogonality between the resultant magnetic field and a magnetic axis of the non-excited winding verifies. The sign of the sampled voltage induced on the currently non-excited winding is compared with the sign that is expected upon transiting across the angular position of inversion by the moving rotor for the current phase drive configuration to sequentially switch to the next phase drive configuration upon verifying conformity of the sign of the sampled voltage with the expected sign.

Claims

1. A method of synchronizing sequential phase switchings in driving stator windings of a multiphase sensorless brushless motor through a sequence of drive configurations of the stator windings, with reconstructed information on a current angular position of a magnetic rotor, the method comprising:

sampling on a currently non-conductive stator winding a voltage induced thereon by a resultant magnetic field produced by a drive current forced through currently conductive stator windings that inverts its sign when the magnetic rotor transitions across a plurality of angular positions, at which orthogonality between the resultant magnetic field and a magnetic axis of the non-conductive winding verifies; and

comparing the sign of the sampled voltage induced on the currently non-conductive winding with an expected sign upon reaching an angular position of inversion of the sign of the sampled voltage by the magnetic rotor for a current drive configuration, for consequentially switching to a next drive configuration of the sequence upon verifying conformity of the sign of the sampled voltage with the expected sign at the sign inversion.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein driving the stator windings includes using a PWM-type drive signal.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the sampling is performed during OFF phases of the PWM-type drive signal.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the sampling is performed during ON phases of the PWM-type drive signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein a first time interval is defined, upon expiration of which, after having initiated to drive the motor according to a selected drive configuration without having yet verified conformity of the sign of the sampled voltage with the expected sign, the drive configuration is advanced to a next drive configuration of the sequence of drive configurations and driving the stator windings is continued for at least a second defined time interval, before reverting to the selected phase configuration until the sign conformity is verified during the drive configuration of the first time interval.

6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

comparing the sampled voltage during ON phases and during OFF phases of the PWM-type drive signal; and

verifying conformity of the sign of a difference voltage between the sampled voltage during an ON phase and the voltage sampled during a successive OFF phase of the PWM-type drive signal for nullifying a BEMF component of the sampled voltage.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein for each drive configuration, when conformity of the sign of the sampled voltage induced on the currently non-conductive winding with the expected sign upon reaching the angular position of inversion of the sign of the sampled voltage by the magnetic rotor for the respective drive configuration is not verified after a delay time from beginning to drive the stator windings in the respective drive configuration, the drive configuration is advanced to a next drive configuration of the sequence of the drive configurations.

8. A method of controlling a multiphase sensorless brushless motor having a rotor and a plurality of stator windings, the method comprising:

sequentially driving the plurality of stator windings according to a plurality of phase drive configurations producing a drive current in a stator winding tap and exiting another stator winding tap while placing stator windings that are not driven to a high impedance state, under closed loop control conditions; and

obtaining a feedback signal by sampling on a currently non-conductive stator winding a voltage induced thereon by a resultant magnetic field produced by the drive current in the currently conductive stator windings that inverts its sign when the rotor transitions across a plurality of angular positions, at which orthogonality between the resultant magnetic field and a magnetic axis of the non-conductive winding verifies; and

comparing the sign of the sampled voltage induced on the currently non-conductive winding with the expected sign upon reaching the angular position of inversion of the sign of the sampled voltage by the rotor for the current phase drive configuration, for consequentially switching to the next phase drive configuration of the sequence upon verifying conformity of the sign of the sampled voltage with the expected sign at the sign inversion.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein sequentially driving the plurality of stator windings comprises at least one of starting-up and braking the rotor to a stop.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein sequentially driving the plurality of stator windings includes use of a PWM-type drive signal.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the sampling is performed during OFF phases of the PWM-type drive signal.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the sampling is performed during ON phases of the PWM-type drive signal.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein a first time interval is defined, upon expiration of which, after having initiated to drive the motor according to a selected drive configuration without having yet verified conformity of the sign of the sampled voltage with the expected sign, the drive configuration is advanced to a next drive configuration of the sequence of drive configurations and driving the stator windings is continued for at least a second defined time interval, before reverting to the selected phase configuration until the sign conformity is verified during the drive configuration of the first time interval.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

comparing the sampled voltage during ON phases and during OFF phases of the PWM-type drive signal; and

verifying conformity of the sign of a difference voltage between the sampled voltage during an ON phase and the voltage sampled during a successive OFF phase of the PWM-type drive signal for nullifying a BEMF component of the sampled voltage.

15. The method of claim 8, wherein for each drive configuration, when conformity of the sign of the sampled voltage induced on the currently non-conductive winding with the expected sign upon reaching the angular position of inversion of the sign of the sampled voltage by the magnetic rotor for the respective drive configuration is not verified after a delay time from beginning to drive the stator windings in the respective drive configuration, the drive configuration is advanced to a next drive configuration of the sequence of the drive configurations.

16. The method according to claim 10, wherein each OFF phase of the PWM-type drive signal is established by coupling to a same voltage as the taps of the stator windings driven during a preceding ON phase of the PWM-type drive signal.

17. The method according to claim 10, wherein each ON phase of the PWM-type drive signal is established by coupling the tap of a first driven stator winding to a supply voltage rail and coupling the tap of at least a second driven stator winding to a common ground node.

18. The method according to claim 10, wherein each OFF phase of the PWM-type drive signal is established by applying an inverted voltage of the preceding ON phase of the drive signal to the taps of the driven stator windings.

19. The method according to claim 10, wherein each OFF phase of the PWM-type drive signal is established by forcing the driven phase windings to the high impedance state.

20. The method according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of stator windings define star-connected stator windings, and wherein the induced voltage on the non-conductive winding is sensed between the respective tap of the non-conductive winding and a neutral-point of the star connected stator windings.

21. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of stator windings define star-connected stator windings having a node, and wherein the induced voltage on the non-conductive winding is sensed between the respective tap and the node at a reconstructed potential of a neutral-point of the star connected stator windings.

22. The method of claim 8, wherein the induced voltage on the non-conductive winding is sensed between the respective tap and a node of the plurality of stator windings at a fractional value of a supply voltage.

23. A device for synchronizing sequential phase switchings in driving stator windings of a multiphase sensorless brushless motor through a sequence of drive configurations of the stator windings, with reconstructed information on a current angular position of a magnetic rotor, the device comprising:

a control circuit configured to sample a voltage induced on a currently non-conductive stator winding by a resultant magnetic field produced by a drive current forced through currently conductive stator windings that inverts its sign when the magnetic rotor transitions across a plurality of angular positions, at which orthogonality between the resultant magnetic field and a magnetic axis of the non-conductive winding verifies;

wherein the control circuit is configured to compare the sign of the sampled voltage induced on the currently non-conductive winding with an expected sign upon reaching an angular position of inversion of the sign of the sampled voltage by the magnetic rotor for a current drive configuration, for consequentially switching to a next drive configuration of the sequence upon verifying conformity of the n of the sampled voltage with the expected sign at the sign inversion.

24. The device of claim 23, wherein the stator windings are driven with a PWM-type drive signal.

25. The device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit samples the induced voltage during OFF phases of the PWM-type drive signal.

26. The device of claim 24, wherein the control circuit samples the induced voltage during ON phases of the PWM-type drive signal.