Porous polymer blend structures

• US 8,044,108 B2
• Filed: 04/05/2007
• Issued: 10/25/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The University of Queensland
• Original Assignee: The University of Queensland, University of Melbourne
• Inventors: Cao, Yang, Cooper-White, Justin John, Rowlands, Andrew Stewart
• Primary Examiner(s): Kugel; Timothy J.
• Application Number:
  US12/296,177
• Publication Number:
  US 20090286894A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,664 Days
• Field of Search: 521/64, 521/50, 521/61, 516/98, 516/99
• US Class Current: 521/64
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2201/052 Inducing phase separation by thermal treatment, e.g. cooling a solution
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 9/28 by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum

Abstract

A porous polymer blend, and a method of producing a porous polymer blend from at least two immiscible polymers. The at least two immiscible polymer being blended together and exhibiting the absence of complete phase separation. The method of producing a porous polymer blend comprising: forming a liquid composition comprising at least two immiscible polymers dissolved in a common solvent; subjecting the liquid composition to a reduction in temperature to cause at least two immiscible polymers to phase separate into a common polymer rich phase and a common polymer poor phase; solidifying the at least two immiscible polymers in the common polymer rich phase so as to avoid complete phase separation of the at least two immiscible polymers; and removing the common polymer pore phase to provide a blend of the at least two immiscible polymers having a porous morphology.

Claims

1. A method of producing a porous polymer blend comprising:

forming a liquid composition comprising at least two immiscible polymers dissolved in at least one common solvent;

subjecting the liquid composition to a reduction in temperature to cause the at least two immiscible polymers to phase separate into a common polymer rich phase and a common polymer poor phase;

solidifying the at least two immiscible polymers in the common polymer rich phase so as to avoid complete phase separation of the at least two immiscible polymers; and

removing the common polymer poor phase to provide a blend of the at least two immiscible polymers having a porous morphology.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid composition is formed by heating the at least two immiscible polymers and the at least one common solvent to a temperature to dissolve the at least two immiscible polymers in the at least one common solvent.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the liquid composition is heated to a temperature to dissolve all of the at least two immiscible polymers in the at least one common solvent.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the liquid composition is formed and held at a temperature above the bimodal temperature of the at least two immiscible polymers.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the rate of cooling of the liquid composition is sufficient to promote spinodal decomposition of at least a portion of the liquid composition.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the rate of cooling is sufficient for at least 50% by volume of the liquid composition to undergo spinodal decomposition.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein the rate of cooling is sufficient for at least 65% by volume of the liquid composition to undergo spinodal decomposition.

8. The method of claim 5 wherein the rate of cooling is sufficient for at least 85% by volume of the liquid composition to undergo spinodal decomposition.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid composition further comprises a non-solvent, the at least two immiscible polymers being insoluble in the non-solvent.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the non-solvent is at least partially immiscible with the at least one common solvent.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the temperature at which the at least two immiscible polymers separate into a common polymer rich phase and a common polymer poor phase is above the solidification temperature of the at least two immiscible polymers in the common polymer rich phase.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the common polymer rich phase is solidified by reducing the temperature of the liquid composition to below the glass transition temperature of the at least two immiscible polymers and/or below the freezing temperature of the at least one common solvent.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein prior to reducing the temperature of the liquid composition, the liquid composition is maintained at a temperature above the spinodal temperature of the at least two immiscible polymers to form a homogeneous solution.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the temperature of the homogeneous solution is reduced to a temperature below the spinodal temperature of the at least two immiscible polymers at a rate that causes the at least two immiscible polymers to phase separate into the common polymer rich phase.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the common polymer rich phase comprises at least 50 wt % of the total amount of the dissolved polymer in the liquid composition.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the common polymer rich phase comprises at least 60 wt % of the total amount of the dissolved polymer in the liquid. composition.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein additives selected from the group consisting of dyes, pigments, stabilisers and bioactive substances are attached to at least one of the two immiscible polymers prior to forming the liquid composition.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein at least 0.5% (w/v) in total of the at least two immiscible polymers is soluble in the at least one common solvent.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein at least 1% (w/v) in total of the at least two immiscible polymers is soluble in the at least one common solvent.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein at least 2% (w/v) in total of the at least two immiscible polymers is soluble in the at least one common solvent.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein at least 5% (w/v) in total of the at least two immiscible polymers is soluble in the at least one common solvent.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein the total amount of the at least two immiscible polymers dissolved in the liquid composition relative to the total volume of the liquid composition is in the range of about 0.5 to about 50.

23. The method of claim 1 wherein the total amount of the at least two immiscible polymers dissolved in the liquid composition relative to the total volume of the liquid composition is in the range of about 1 to about 10.

24. The method of claim 1 wherein the total amount of the at least two immiscible polymers dissolved in the liquid composition relative to the total volume of the liquid composition is in the range of 2 to about 10.

25. A porous polymer blended structure formed by the method of claim 1.

26. A porous polymer blend comprising at least two immiscible polymers which do not form a homogeneous polymer mixture in the absence of a solvent, the at least two immiscible polymers being blended together and exhibiting the absence of complete phase separation.

27. The porous polymer blended structure of claim 26 wherein the at least two immiscible polymers form a blended polymer matrix, the blended polymer matrix including additives selected from the group consisting of dyes, pigments, stabilisers and bioactive substances.