Storage battery system, on-vehicle power supply system, vehicle and method for charging storage battery system

• US 8,047,316 B2
• Filed: 03/20/2007
• Issued: 11/01/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 06/13/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Takami, Norio, Tatebayashi, Yoshinao, Inagaki, Hiroki
• Primary Examiner(s): VANAMAN, FRANK BENNETT
• Application Number:
  US11/688,590
• Publication Number:
  US 20070284159A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,687 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.1, 180/65.21, 180/65.22, 180/65.29, 903/907, 701/22, 429/9, 429/150, 320/104
• US Class Current: 180/65.29
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/11 DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/24 for controlling the temperature of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/246 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/441 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/46 Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/00 Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/021 Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/204 : Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1423 : with multiple batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A storage battery system includes a battery module A with a first nonaqueous electrolyte battery including a negative-electrode material which has an average grain size of 2 μm or more and is used to occlude and discharge lithium ions, a battery module B with a second nonaqueous electrolyte battery set at a lithium-ion-occluding potential of 0.4V (vs.Li/Li) or more, and including a negative-electrode material which has an average grain size of primary particles of 1 μm or less and is used to occlude lithium ions, and a controller configured to intermittently connect the module A to the module B to intermittently supply power from the module A to the module B to set a charge state and a discharge depth of the second nonaqueous electrolyte battery within a range of 10 to 90%, when no power is supplied to the module B at least from an outside.

Claims

1. An on-vehicle power supply system comprising:

a storage battery system, the storage battery system comprising;

a battery module A comprising a first nonaqueous electrolyte battery including a negative-electrode material which has an average grain size of 2 μ

m or more;

a battery module B comprising a second nonaqueous electrolyte battery including a negative-electrode material which has an average grain size of primary particles of 1 μ

m or less and is configured to occlude lithium ions within a range of 0.4V (vs.Li/Li+) or more;

a motor or dynamo configured to supply a power to the battery module B; and

a controller configured to intermittently connect the battery module A to the battery module B to intermittently supply power from the battery module A to the battery module B by repeating cycles of charging the battery module B from the battery module A and non-charging, while setting a state of charge of the second nonaqueous electrolyte battery within a range of 10 to 90%, when the motor or dynamo is stopped,

wherein when power is supplied to the storage battery system from the motor or dynamo, the controller intermittently causes the power from the motor or dynamo to be supplied to the battery module B, and causes the battery module A to supply power to the motor or dynamo, the power from the battery module A being lower than the power supplied to the battery module B.

2. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the controller connects the battery module A to the battery module B a preset number of times per 30 days to supply, the preset number falling within a range of 1 to 60 times, using a constant-voltage control scheme, power from the battery module A to the battery module B to set the state of charge of the second nonaqueous electrolyte battery within the range of 10 to 90%.

3. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the controller causes power to be supplied from the battery module B to the battery module A, using a constant-current control scheme and a constant-voltage control scheme, when the state of charge of the second nonaqueous electrolyte battery falls within a range of 50 to 100%.

4. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, further comprising an external power source connected to the battery module B to supply power thereto, wherein the battery module A is provided with the power supply from the external power source via the battery module B.

5. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the negative-electrode material of the second nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a metal oxide containing titanium.

6. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 5, wherein the metal oxide contains a spinel-type lithium titanium oxide.

7. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the negative-electrode material of the first nonaqueous electrolyte battery contains a carbon material, a lithium alloy and a metal compound.

8. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 7, wherein the carbon material contains graphite powder acquired using natural graphite as a row material.

9. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the controller causes power to be supplied from the battery module A to the battery module B, using a constant-voltage control scheme, when the state of charge of the second nonaqueous electrolyte battery drops to 40% or less.

10. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, further comprising an inverter interposed between the motor or dynamo and the battery module B, the motor or dynamo connected to the battery module B to supply power thereto via the inverter, and then to the battery module A from the battery module B.

11. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, further comprising a plug connectable to an external power-supply socket, and a built-in charger interposed between the plug and the battery module B, the plug being connected to the power-supply socket to supply external power to the battery module B via the built-in charger, and then to the battery module A from the battery module B.

12. A vehicle comprising the on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1.

13. The on-vehicle power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the controller connects the battery module A to the battery module B 1 to 60 times per 30 days.