Optical system for measuring metabolism in a body and imaging method

• US 8,050,744 B2
• Filed: 01/19/2005
• Issued: 11/01/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/06/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Yamashita, Yuichi, Maki, Atsushi, Kawaguchi, Fumio, Ito, Yoshitoshi, Koizumi, Hideaki
• Primary Examiner(s): Le; Long V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HOFFA, ANGELA MARIE
• Application Number:
  US11/037,338
• Publication Number:
  US 20050171440A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,477 Days
• Field of Search: 600/310, 600322-323, 600/407, 600/473, 600476-477, 382/128, 356 39- 41
• US Class Current: 600/473
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0219 Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0233 Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/046 in a matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0042 for the brain
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/055 involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14553 specially adapted for cerebral tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/18 for vehicle drivers or machine operators
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6814 Head
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7207 of noise induced by motion artifacts
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7228 Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; demodulation to recover the physiological signal modulation H03C
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/03 Computed tomography [CT] echo-tomography A61B8/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/507 for determination of haemodynamic parameters, e.g. perfusion CT

Abstract

In an optical measurement system and imaging method adapted to measure in vivo information in a living body without harming the living body, light rays of a plurality of wavelengths which are modulated in intensity with a plurality of different frequencies are irradiated on a plurality of irradiation positions on the surface of a living body, and time-variable changes in living body transmitting light intensity levels corresponding to the respective wavelengths and the respective irradiation positions are measured at different positions on the surface of the living body. Light is utilized to image the results of the measurements, in which the measuring time is shortened by estimating fluctuation attributable to the living body, and the presence or absence of a change in measured signal can be decided easily by displaying an estimation signal and a measured signal at a time.

Claims

1. An optical system for measuring change in hemodynamic movement comprising:

a plurality of light irradiators configured to irradiate light rays on a subject;

a plurality of light receivers configured to receive light rays passing through a skin and reflected within said subject, wherein a plurality of measuring points in said subject are on intermediate positions between irradiating positions on which said light irradiators are disposed and detecting positions on which said receivers are disposed;

a computing unit configured to calculate signals of an object to be measured at said measuring points on the basis of the signals received by said light receivers; and

an image display unit configured to display the signals of said object at said measuring points as a spatial signal intensity distribution corresponding to position coordinates of said measuring points.

2. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said computing unit interpolates the signals of the object at said measuring points between individual said measuring points to form interpolation signals, and

wherein said image display unit displays the interpolation signals interpolated by said computing unit.

3. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the signals of the object are relative change amounts of concentration of hemoglobin oxide or reduced hemoglobin.

4. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said image display unit displays the signal intensity distribution as time integral values or a time-average values of relative change amounts of concentration of hemoglobin oxide or reduced hemoglobin.

5. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said plurality of light irradiators and said plurality of light receivers are disposed on the head of said subject;

and

wherein said signal intensity distribution is a distribution representative of a change in hemodynamic movement attributable to a cerebral function of said subject.

6. An optical system according to claim 5,

wherein said image display unit displays the signals of the object to be measured by superimposing said signals on a cerebral image of the object to be measured.

7. An optical system according to claim 6,

wherein said cerebral image is an image of the form of three-dimensional magnetic resonance image (MRI) or three-dimensional X-ray computer topography (CT).

8. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said image display unit displays the signal intensity distribution by a contour map, a light and shade image of a color or a discrimination display in color.

9. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the light rays irradiated on said subject are light rays having a wavelength in a region from visible rays to near infrared rays.

10. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said plurality of light irradiators and said plurality of light receivers are alternatively arranged on the head of said subject in a grid arrangement.

11. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said image display unit displays the signals of said object in an order of measuring time or as a dynamic image.

12. An optical system according to claim 1, comprising:

a modulator configured to modulate light rays irradiated by said light irradiators in intensity with desired frequencies; and

a separator configured to separate the light rays modulated by said modulator every modulation frequency.

13. An optical system according to claim 12,

wherein said modulator modulates the light rays with different frequencies in intensity at individual positions of said light irradiators.

14. An optical system according to claim 12,

wherein said separator is composed of lock-in amplifiers which are operated on a basis of the modulation signals of said modulator.

15. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said light irradiators irradiate a plurality of light rays of wavelengths which are different from each other.

16. An optical system according to claim 15,

wherein the number of wavelengths of light rays irradiated from said light irradiators is equal to the number of absorbers of said object to be measured.

17. An optical system according to claim 15, comprising;

a modulator in which the light rays irradiated by said light irradiators are modulated in intensity with different modulation frequencies at individual wavelengths of said light rays; and

a separator configured to separate the light rays modulated by said modulator every modulation frequency.

18. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said light irradiators include light sources of wavelengths which are different from each other, and waveguides configured to guide the light rays from said light sources to the irradiating positions.

19. An optical system according to claim 1,

wherein said computing unit calculates a mutual correlation function between time-variable changes of signal intensity of said object to be measured at a first one of said measuring points and time-variable changes of signal intensity of said object to be measured at a second one of said measuring points.

20. An optical system according to claim 19,

wherein said image display unit displays values of said mutual correlation function.

21. An optical system according to claim 1, comprising:

a physical marker placeable on the skin, to provide an indication, during imaging, of a measuring point of the measuring points of the subject, where the measuring point is inside the subject and is provided on an axis which intersects the physical marker and which is substantially perpendicular to a skin surface.

22. An optical system according to claim 1, comprising:

a physical marker placeable on the skin, and configured to provide an indication, during imaging, of a measuring point of the measuring points of the subject, where the measuring point is inside the subject and is provided on an axis which intersects the physical marker and which is substantially perpendicular to a skin surface;

the image display unit further configured to display a measuring point mark corresponding to the measuring point provided by the physical marker, on an image measured through one of a three-dimensional MRI or a three-dimensional X-ray CT.