Circuit-based devices and methods for pulse control of endocardial pacing in cardiac rhythm management

• US 8,050,756 B2
• Filed: 06/26/2008
• Issued: 11/01/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Newstim, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Zhu, Qingsheng, Ortega, Daniel Felipe
• Primary Examiner(s): Gedeon; Brian T
• Application Number:
  US12/147,356
• Publication Number:
  US 20090005832A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,223 Days
• Field of Search: 607/9, 607 11- 15, 607/28
• US Class Current: 607/9
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3627 for treating a mechanical deficiency of the heart, e.g. congestive heart failure or cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Tools and methods are particularly suited for certain cardiac conditions involving use of a catheter for pacing of the right and left ventricles from a lead in the right ventricle, e.g., to facilitate mechanically and/or electrically synchronous contractions for resynchronization. Certain aspects involve pacing and/or mapping by generating pulses for delivery to a cardiac site useful for improving heart function as measured, e.g., by QRS width, fractionation, late LV activation timing, mechanical synchronicity of free wall and septal wall, effective throughput/pressure, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, an implantable pulse generator includes circuitry for generating pacing profiles, with signals of opposite polarities, specifically selected for delivery on electrodes at a site near the septal wall of a right ventricle of the heart.

Claims

1. For use in a myocardium capture by delivering electrical pacing signals via electrodes to a target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of a heart and distal from an apex of the right ventricle, a circuit arrangement comprising:

an electrode control module configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region so as to increase synchronization of the right and left ventricles relative to pacing at the apex of the right ventricle.

2. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the two waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another for a single myocardium capture.

3. The circuit arrangement of claim 2, wherein the two waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another for a single myocardium capture so as to activate one or more conduction fibers in at least one of the Left Bundle Branch (LBB) of His, Right Bundle Branch (RBB) of His, or Purkinje fibers.

4. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the electrodes carry individually controlled signals.

5. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the electrodes carry separately-controlled distinct signals.

6. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the electrodes are individually-addressable by the control module.

7. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is included in an implantable pulse generator (IPG) and wherein the electrodes are individually-addressable by the IPG.

8. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal such that the myocardium capture increases synchronization of the right and left ventricles relative to intrinsic or pacing at the apex of the right ventricle.

9. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, comprising a monitor configured to monitor at least one of a QRS width of the patient, a fractionation of the patient and a timing of electrical stimulation of a late activation site of the left ventricle relative to the QRS, and wherein the control module is configured to adjust, using information from the monitor, the one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal.

10. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, comprising a monitor configured to monitor at different pacing locations at least one of a QRS width of the patient, a fractionation of the patient and a timing of electrical stimulation of a late activation site of the left ventricle relative to the QRS.

11. The circuit arrangement of claim 10, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal at a pacing location selected using information obtained by the monitor at different pacing locations to improve right and left ventricular synchronization relative to at least one of intrinsic activity or pacing at the right ventricular apex.

12. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a lead configured to include and position at least one of the electrodes at the septum of the heart distal from the apex of the right ventricle.

13. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time by an adjustable overlap duration (OD).

14. The circuit arrangement of claim 13, comprising a monitor configured to monitor at least one of a QRS width of the patient, a fractionation of the patient and a timing of electrical stimulation of a late activation site of the left ventricle relative to the QRS, and wherein the control module is configured to adjust the overlap duration (OD) using information from the monitor.

15. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are alternating in polarity with each other over time by an amount of alternating that is capable of reducing anodal blocking at the target region in the right ventricle at or near the septum of the heart and distal from the apex of the right ventricle.

16. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured for selecting one or more individual electrodes, from a plurality of electrodes located along the septum of the right ventricle away from the apex of the right ventricle, for providing the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities.

17. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes, wherein at least one of the electrodes is located at the target region in the right ventricle at or near the septum of the heart and distal from the apex of the right ventricle, and wherein at least one other of the electrodes is located external to the heart.

18. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal for a particular set of at least two electrodes so as to be capable of being switched between (1) at least partially overlapping in time;

and (2) one of unipolar pacing or bipolar pacing.

19. The circuit arrangement of claim 18, wherein the control module is configured for being switched using information about which of the (1) at least partially overlapping in time;

and (2) one of unipolar pacing or bipolar pacing yields a greater percentage of paced heart beats relative to total heart beats.

20. The circuit arrangement of claim 18, wherein the control module is configured for being switched using information about whether there exists an exit block of the heart.

21. The circuit arrangement of claim 18, wherein the control module is configured for being switched using information about whether an electrode is located in an infarcted region of myocardium.

22. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities, wherein an uninterrupted pulse waveform of a particular polarity is formed by a capacitive discharge of at least two sets of capacitors in succession.

23. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are alternating in polarity with each other over time by an amount of alternating that is capable providing a net charge delivered to the heart that is approximately zero.

24. The circuit arrangement of claim 1, comprising a monitor configured to be coupled to a coronary sinus (CS) lead to assess heart function.

25. For use in a myocardium capture by delivering electrical pacing signals via electrodes to a target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of a heart and distal from an apex of the right ventricle, a circuit arrangement comprising:

an electrode control module, included in an implantable pulse generator (IPG), configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes separately and individually addressable and controlled pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for a single myocardium capture at or near the target region so as to activate one or more conduction fibers in at least one of the Left Bundle Branch (LBB) of His, Right Bundle Branch (RBB) of His, or Purkinje fibers so as to increase synchronization of the right and left ventricles relative to pacing at the apex of the right ventricle;

a monitor configured to monitor at least one of a QRS width of the patient, a fractionation of the patient, and a timing of electrical stimulation of a late activation site of the left ventricle relative to the QRS, and wherein the control module is configured to adjust, using information from the monitor, the one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal;

wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are alternating in time and are capable of at least partially overlapping in time by an adjustable overlap duration (OD) using information from the monitor.

26. The circuit arrangement of claim 25, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal for a particular set of at least two electrodes so as to be capable of being switched between (1) at least partially overlapping in time;

and (2) one of unipolar pacing or bipolar pacing.

27. The circuit arrangement of claim 25, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities, wherein an uninterrupted pulse waveform of a particular polarity is formed by a capacitive discharge of at least two sets of capacitors in succession.

28. The circuit arrangement of claim 26, wherein the control module is configured for being switched using information about whether there exists an exit block of the heart.

29. The circuit arrangement of claim 26, wherein the control module is configured for being switched using information about whether an electrode is located in an infarcted region of myocardium.

30. The circuit arrangement of claim 25, wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities, wherein an uninterrupted pulsewaveform of a particular polarity is formed by a capacitive discharge of at least two sets of capacitors in succession.

31. The circuit arrangement of claim 25, wherein the monitor is configured to be coupled to a coronary sinus (CS) lead to assess heart function.

32. For use in a myocardium capture by delivering electrical pacing signals via electrodes to a target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of a heart and distal from an apex of the right ventricle, a circuit arrangement comprising:

an electrode control module configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time by an adjustable overlap duration (OD).

33. The circuit arrangement of claim 32, wherein the electrode control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region so as to increase synchronization of the right and left ventricles relative to pacing at the apex of the right ventricle.

34. The circuit arrangement of claim 33, further including an electrode, coupled to the electrode control module, the electrode configured on a lead for being located at the target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of the heart and distal from the apex of the right ventricle.

35. For use in a myocardium capture by delivering electrical pacing signals via electrodes to a target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of a heart and distal from an apex of the right ventricle, a circuit arrangement comprising:

an electrode control module configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region,

wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are alternating in polarity with each other over time by an amount of alternating that is capable of reducing anodal blocking at the target region in the right ventricle at or near the septum of the heart and distal from the apex of the right ventricle.

36. The circuit arrangement of claim 35, wherein the electrode control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region so as to increase synchronization of the right and left ventricles relative to pacing at the apex of the right ventricle.

37. The circuit arrangement of claim 36, further including an electrode, coupled to the electrode control module, the electrode configured on a lead for being located at the target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of the heart and distal from the apex of the right ventricle.

38. For use in a myocardium capture by delivering electrical pacing signals via electrodes to a target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of a heart and distal from an apex of the right ventricle, a circuit arrangement comprising:

an electrode control module configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region,

wherein the control module is configured for selecting one or more individual electrodes, from a plurality of electrodes located along the septum of the right ventricle away from the apex of the right ventricle, for providing the electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities.

39. The circuit arrangement of claim 38, wherein the electrode control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region so as to increase synchronization of the right and left ventricles relative to pacing at the apex of the right ventricle.

40. The circuit arrangement of claim 39, further including an electrode, coupled to the electrode control module, the electrode configured on a lead for being located at the target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of the heart and distal from the apex of the right ventricle.

41. For use in a myocardium capture by delivering electrical pacing signals via electrodes to a target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of a heart and distal from an apex of the right ventricle, a circuit arrangement comprising:

an electrode control module configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region,

wherein the control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating the electrical pacing signal for a particular set of at least two electrodes so as to be capable of being switched between (1) at least partially overlapping in time; and

(2) one of unipolar pacing or bipolar pacing.

42. The circuit arrangement of claim 41, wherein the electrode control module is configured for providing one or more control signals for generating an electrical pacing signal that includes pulse waveforms of opposing polarities that are capable of at least partially overlapping in time to drive the electrodes such that the two pulse waveforms occur sufficiently proximate one another in time for the myocardium capture at or near the target region so as to increase synchronization of the right and left ventricles relative to pacing at the apex of the right ventricle.

43. The circuit arrangement of claim 42, further including an electrode, coupled to the electrode control module, the electrode configured on a lead for being located at the target region in the right ventricle, at or near the septum of the heart and distal from the apex of the right ventricle.