Multi-band receiver using harmonic synchronous detection

• US 8,054,212 B1
• Filed: 03/27/2009
• Issued: 11/08/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Original Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Inventors: Koumvakalis, Nicholas, Holly, Sandor
• Primary Examiner(s): Mis; David
• Application Number:
  US12/412,919
• Time in Patent Office: 956 Days
• Field of Search: 342/13, 342/14, 342/52, 342/59, 342/90, 342 98-103, 342/118, 342/126, 342/175, 455/1
• US Class Current: 342/13
• CPC Class Codes: F41H 11/136 Magnetic, electromagnetic, acoustic or radiation systems, e.g. ground penetrating radars or metal-detectors
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/04 Systems determining presence of a target based on relative movement of target G01S13/56
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/32 using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/887 for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/024 using polarisation effects in waveguides H01P1/165; for aerials H01Q, e.g. H01Q15/22, H01Q15/24, H01Q19/195
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/412 based on a comparison between measured values and known or stored values

Abstract

An apparatus comprises a transmitter system, a receiver system, and a processor unit. The transmitter system transmits first and second collimated beams having a first and second frequency. The receiver system monitors for a fundamental difference frequency signal having a difference frequency equal to a difference between the first and second frequency and a number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal. These signals are generated by an object having non-linear electrical characteristics in response to the collimated beams. The processor unit is connected to the transmitter system and the receiver system. The processor unit controls the transmitter and receiver systems to change at least one of the first and second frequencies through a range of frequencies and detect a range of fundamental difference frequency signals and the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal in response to transmitting the collimated beams using the range of frequencies.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a transmitter system capable of transmitting a first collimated beam having a first frequency and a second collimated beam having a second frequency;

a receiver system capable of monitoring for a fundamental difference frequency signal having a difference frequency equal to a difference between the first frequency and the second frequency and a number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal each of which is a harmonic of the fundamental difference frequency signal, wherein the fundamental difference frequency signal and the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal are generated by an object having non-linear electrical characteristics in response to receiving the first collimated beam and the second collimated beam; and

a processor unit connected to the transmitter system and the receiver system, wherein the processor unit is capable of controlling operation of the transmitter system and the receiver system to change at least one of the first frequency and the second frequency through a range of frequencies and to detect a range of fundamental difference frequency signals and a range of the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signals in response to the transmitter system transmitting the first collimated beam and the second collimated beam using the range of frequencies.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the range of fundamental difference frequency signals and the range of the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signals form a pattern, and wherein the processor unit is capable of identifying the object using the pattern.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first collimated beam and the second collimated beam are combined into a single beam.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processor unit is capable of comparing the pattern to a plurality of patterns of known objects.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiver system comprises a plurality of channels, wherein the plurality of channels is capable of detecting the fundamental difference frequency signal and the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the object is at a location and is selected from one of under a ground, on the ground, in a structure, and on a person.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first collimated beam is a first linearly polarized collimated light beam and the second collimated beam is a second linearly polarized collimated light beam.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiver system comprises:

an antenna; and

a multichannel synchronous detector connected to the antenna.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the multichannel synchronous detector is connected to the antenna by a preamplifier system.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

a platform, wherein the transmitter system, the receiver system, and the processor unit are associated with the platform.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the platform is selected from one of a mobile platform, a stationary platform, a land-based structure, an aquatic-based structure, a space-based structure, an aircraft, a surface ship, a tank, a personnel carrier, a train, a spacecraft, a space station, a satellite, a submarine, an automobile, a portable housing, and a building.

12. An apparatus comprising:

a transmitter system capable of transmitting a plurality of electromagnetic signals having a first frequency and a second frequency;

a receiver system capable of monitoring for a fundamental difference frequency signal having a difference frequency equal to a difference between the first frequency and the second frequency and a number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal each of which is a harmonic of the fundamental difference frequency signal, wherein the fundamental difference frequency signal and the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal are generated by an object having non-linear electrical characteristics in response to receiving the plurality of electronic signals having the first frequency and the second frequency; and

a processor unit connected to the transmitter system and the receiver system, wherein the processor unit is capable of controlling operation of the transmitter system and the receiver system to change at least one of the first frequency and the second frequency through a range of frequencies and to detect a range of fundamental difference frequency signals and a range of the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signals in response to the transmitter system transmitting the plurality of electromagnetic signals using the range of frequencies.

13. A method for detecting objects, the method comprising:

transmitting a first collimated beam having a first frequency and a second collimated beam having a second frequency;

changing at least one of the first frequency and the second frequency through a range of frequencies; and

monitoring for a range of fundamental difference frequency signals and a range of a number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signals each of which is a harmonic of the range of fundamental difference frequency signals generated by an object having non-linear electrical characteristics in response to receiving the first collimated beam and the second collimated beam in which at least one of the first frequency and the second frequency is changed through the range of frequencies.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:

responsive to detecting the range of fundamental difference frequency signals and the range of the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signals, comparing the range of fundamental difference frequency signals and the range of the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signals to a number of profiles to form a comparison.

15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:

identifying the object using the comparison.

16. The method of claim 14 further comprising:

identifying an orientation of the object using the comparison.

17. A method for detecting objects, the method comprising:

transmitting a first collimated beam having a first selected frequency and a second collimated beam having a second selected frequency at a known object having non-linear electrical characteristics;

changing at least one of the first selected frequency and the second selected frequency through a selected range of frequencies;

receiving an expected range of fundamental difference frequency signals and an expected range of a number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signals each of which is a harmonic of the expected range of fundamental difference frequency signals generated by the known object in response to receiving the first collimated beam and the second collimated beam using a range of frequencies to form a profile for the known object; and

storing the profile.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

performing the transmitting, changing, receiving, and storing steps for a number of different orientations of the known object.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

transmitting a third collimated beam having the first selected frequency and a fourth collimated beam having the second selected frequency;

changing at least one of the first selected frequency and the second selected frequency through the range of frequencies;

monitoring for a range of fundamental difference frequency signals and a range of a number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal each of which is a harmonic of the range of fundamental difference frequency signals generated by an object having non-linear electrical characteristics in response to receiving the first collimated beam and the second collimated beam using the range of frequencies; and

responsive to detecting the range of fundamental difference frequency signals and the range of the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signals, comparing the range of fundamental difference frequency signals and the range of the number of harmonics of the fundamental difference frequency signal to a number of profiles to form a comparison.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:

identifying the known object from the comparison.