Conductive nanocomposite films

• US 8,058,337 B2
• Filed: 06/12/2007
• Issued: 11/15/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 09/03/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Yadav, Tapesh, Kostelecky, Clayton
• Primary Examiner(s): Yoon; Tae H
• Application Number:
  US11/808,766
• Publication Number:
  US 20080142764A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,617 Days
• Field of Search: 524/424, 524/430
• US Class Current: 524/430
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/005 carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/02 for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state
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• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00094 Jackets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials or refractories
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00177 controlling the pH
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0018 controlling the conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0894 Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 1/12 capable of producing different kinds of discharge, e.g. either jet or spray having selectively-effective outlets B05B1/16
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/054 Nanosized particles
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• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/10 Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/102 Metallic powder coated with organic material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/12 Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles containing lubricating or binding agents or organic material B22F1/10
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2202/13 Use of plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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• CPC Class Codes: B82B 1/00 : Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 20/00 : Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 25/00 : Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 : Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3275 : Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3279 : Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3284 : Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/5409 : expressed by specific surface values
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/5454 : nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/6565 : Cooling rate
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 24/2623 : Polyvinylalcohols; Polyvinylacetates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 26/02 : Macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 26/06 : Acrylates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/01 : based on oxide ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/10 : based on aluminium oxide
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/265 : Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese or zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/453 : based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/457 : based on tin oxides or stannates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/547 : based on sulfides or selenides or tellurides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/62222 : obtaining ceramic coatings coating of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics C04B41/45; laminated ceramic products B32B18/00; coating metallic materials C23; coating of glass C03C17/00, applying ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/6265 : involving reduction or oxidation
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/653 : Processes involving a melting step
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/009 : characterised by the material treated
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4539 : as a emulsion, dispersion or suspension
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4549 : Nanometer-sized particles
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5027 : Oxide ceramics in general; Specific oxide ceramics not covered by C04B41/5029 - C04B41/5051
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5049 : Zinc or bismuth oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5116 : Ag or Au
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5122 : Pd or Pt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/52 : Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/89 : for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/90 : at least one coating being a metal
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• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/01 : characterized by their specific function
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• CPC Class Codes: C09C 1/0081 : Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence
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Abstract

Methods for preparing low resistivity nanocomposite layers that simultaneously offer optical clarity, wear resistance and superior functional performance. Nanofillers and a substance having a polymer are mixed. Both low-loaded and highly-loaded nanocomposites are included. Nanoscale coated and un-coated fillers may be used. Nanocomposite films may be coated on substrates.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an optically clear nanocomposite layer comprising:

processing a mixture to produce an optically clear nanocomposite comprising less than 80% nanofillers by volume and having

a transparency to light that differs by more than 20% as compared with the transparency to light exhibited by a composite material of similar composition with filler particles having a domain size of one micron, the mixture comprising nanofillers and a liquid polymer matrix selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyalcohols, polycarbonates, polyalkenes, polyaryls, and combinations thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixing includes adding a secondary species material selected from the group consisting of:

dispersants, binders, modifiers, detergents, and additives.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the loading is heterogeneous.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise whiskers.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanocomposite is wear resistant.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise oxide.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise carbide.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

aluminum, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, europium, gallium, gold, indium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, niobium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

antimony, boron, bromine, carbon, chlorine, fluorine, germanium, hydrogen, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, selenium, silicon, sulfur, and tellurium.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the liquid polymer matrix comprises oxygen.

11. A product prepared using the method of claim 1.

12. An optically clear nanocomposite layer prepared using the method of claim 1.

13. A method for preparing an optically clear nanocomposite layer comprising:

processing a mixture to produce an optically clear nanocomposite comprising less than 80% nanofillers by volume and having

a transparency to light that differs by more than 20% as compared with the transparency to light exhibited by a composite material of similar composition with filler particles having a domain size of one micron, the mixture comprising nanofillers and a matrix selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyalcohols, polycarbonates, polyalkenes, polyaryls, and combinations thereof.

14. An optically clear nanocomposite layer prepared using the method of claim 13.

15. A method for preparing an optically clear nanocomposite layer comprising:

processing a mixture to produce an optically clear nanocomposite comprising less than 80% nanofillers by volume, having a connectivity of the nanofillers in at least one of 1, 2, and 3 dimensions, and having

a transparency to light that differs by more than 20% as compared with the transparency to light exhibited by a composite material of similar composition with filler particles having a domain size of one micron, the mixture comprising nanofillers and a liquid polymer matrix selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates, polyalcohols, polycarbonates, polyalkenes, polyaryls, and combinations thereof.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the nanofillers comprise whiskers.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the nanofillers comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

antimony, boron, bromine, carbon, chlorine, fluorine, germanium, hydrogen, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, selenium, silicon, sulfur, and tellurium.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein the liquid polymer matrix comprises oxygen.

19. A product prepared using the method of claim 15.

20. An optically clear nanocomposite layer prepared using the method of claim 15.