Action potential conduction prevention

• US 8,060,208 B2
• Filed: 06/17/2008
• Issued: 11/15/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 02/20/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Case Western Reserve University
• Original Assignee: Case Western Reserve University
• Inventors: Kilgore, Kevin, Bhadra, Niloy
• Primary Examiner(s): Schaetzle; Kennedy
• Application Number:
  US12/214,256
• Publication Number:
  US 20080294221A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,246 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 607/46
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36017 with leads or electrodes penetrating the skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36021 for treatment of pain
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36071 Pain
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36164 Sub-threshold or non-excitatory signals non-excitatory signals to the heart A61N1/3628
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36171 Frequency
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36178 Burst or pulse train parameters

Abstract

An example method for selectively and reversibly preventing the conduction of action potentials in a targeted nerve region is presented. The method includes generating an electrical waveform having two phases and selectively depolarizing a nerve membrane using the electrical waveform. The nerve membrane is depolarized to a state where the nerve membrane cannot conduct an action potential. The depolarization is achieved by selectively repetitively providing the electrical waveform to a targeted nerve region associated with the nerve region to control m gates and h gates in the region and thus to control the availability of ions.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

an electrode to deliver an electrical waveform to a targeted nerve region;

a waveform generator to generate the electrical waveform, where the electrical waveform has two phases, and where the continued periodic delivery of the two phases of the electrical waveform selectively and temporarily depolarizes the nerve membrane in the targeted nerve region to a state where the targeted nerve region cannot conduct an action potential;

a control logic to control the waveform generator to selectively generate the electrical waveform and to selectively provide the electrical waveform to the targeted nerve region through the electrode; and

an amplitude modulation logic to selectively control the amplitude of the electrical waveform to selectively prevent the transmission of action potentials in nerve fibers of different sizes,

where the amplitude modulation logic is configured to progressively increase the amplitude of the electrical waveform to block progressively smaller nerves.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, where the two phases include a de-polarizing phase and a hyper-polarizing phase.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, where the hyper-polarizing phase balances the de-polarizing phase.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, the electrode being a tripolar electrode.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, the tripolar electrode encircling the targeted nerve region.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, the control logic being configured to control the electrical waveform generated by the waveform generator with respect to one or more of, voltage, and current.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, where the electrical waveform shape is one of, a rectangular shape, a sinusoidal shape, and a triangular shape.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, where the electrical waveform is a continuous waveform.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, where the electrical waveform is a discontinuous waveform.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, where the electrical waveform has a frequency of from 1 kilohertz (KHz) to 100 KHz.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, where the amplitude modulation logic is configured to progressively increase the amplitude of the electrical waveform to block progressively smaller nerves to facilitate restricting motor activation without affecting sensory information.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, where the electrical waveform is configured to treat pain.

13. A method, comprising:

generating an electrical waveform having two phases;

selectively depolarizing a nerve membrane to a state where the nerve membrane cannot conduct an action potential by selectively repetitively providing the electrical waveform to a targeted nerve region associated with the nerve region; and

selectively controlling the amplitude of the electrical waveform to selectively prevent the transmission of action potentials, where selectively controlling the amplitude of the electrical waveform comprises progressively increasing the amplitude of the electrical waveform to block progressively smaller nerves.

14. The method of claim 13, where the two phases include a de-polarizing phase and a hyper-polarizing phase.

15. The method of claim 14, where the hyper-polarizing phase balances the de-polarizing phase.

16. The method of claim 13, where the electrical waveform is provided to the targeted nerve region via a tripolar electrode that encircles the targeted nerve region.

17. The method of claim 13, including selectively controlling one or more of, a voltage associated with the waveform, and a current associated with the waveform.

18. The method of claim 13, including selectively controlling the shape of the electrical waveform to be one of, a rectangular shape, a sinusoidal shape, and a triangular shape.

19. The method of claim 13, where the electrical waveform is provided as a continuous waveform.

20. The method of claim 13, where the electrical waveform is provided as a discontinuous waveform.

21. The method of claim 13, where the electrical waveform is provided at a frequency of from 1 KHz to 100 KHz, where the targeted nerve region includes h gates and m gates, and where the electrical waveform selectively controls the h gates and m gates to control the availability of ions in the targeted nerve region.

22. The method of claim 13, where selectively controlling the amplitude of the electrical waveform comprises progressively increasing the amplitude of the electrical waveform to block progressively smaller nerves to facilitate restricting motor activation without affecting sensory information.

23. The method of claim 13, where the electrical waveform is configured to treat pain.

24. An apparatus for treating pain, comprising:

an electrode to deliver a pain controlling electrical waveform to a targeted nerve region;

a waveform generator to generate the pain controlling electrical waveform, where the pain controlling electrical waveform has two phases, and where the continued periodic delivery of the two phases of the pain controlling electrical waveform selectively and temporarily depolarizes the nerve membrane in the targeted nerve region to a state where the targeted nerve region cannot conduct an action potential;

a pain control logic to control the waveform generator to selectively generate the pain controlling electrical waveform and to selectively provide the pain controlling electrical waveform to the targeted nerve region through the electrode; and

an amplitude modulation logic to selectively control the amplitude of the pain controlling electrical waveform to selectively prevent the transmission of action potentials in nerve fibers of different sizes.