Methods for predicting the future performance of fuel cell stacks and individual fuel cells

• US 8,072,224 B2
• Filed: 08/04/2008
• Issued: 12/06/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 08/04/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Motor Corporation
• Original Assignee: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America Incorporated (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Farnsworth, Jared Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward
• Assistant Examiner(s): Boateng, Alexis
• Application Number:
  US12/185,286
• Publication Number:
  US 20100026307A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,219 Days
• Field of Search: 320/101, 320/134, 320/135, 320/136, 320/137, 320/138, 320/161, 320/162, 324/425, 324/426, 324/432, 324/433, 429/400, 429/452, 429/430, 429/431, 429/432
• US Class Current: 324/433
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/4163 checking the operation of, or calibrating, the measuring apparatus G01N27/3274, G01N27/4175 and G01N33/0006 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04559 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04992 characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

Method embodiments for analyzing the future performance of a fuel cell stack comprise the steps of: a) generating a first polarization curve data by experimentally measuring the voltage of a fuel cell stack across a current range at a first interval; b) dividing the current range into a plurality of discrete current ranges; c) calculate an average voltage value for each discrete current range; d) fitting all average voltage values to produce a first average polarization curve; e) conducting steps a) through d) at a second interval to produce a second average polarization curve; f) comparing the first average polarization curve to the second polarization curve to calculate the drop in voltage and thereby the fuel cell stack degradation; and g) utilizing the calculated drop in voltage between the first and second polarization curves to predict the polarization of the fuel cells at future time intervals.

Claims

1. A method of analyzing future performance for a fuel cell stack comprising:

a) generating a first polarization curve by experimentally measuring the voltage of a fuel cell stack across a current range at a first interval;

b) dividing the current range into a plurality of discrete current ranges;

c) obtaining an average voltage value for each discrete current range;

d) fitting all average voltage values onto a line or curve, the curve being defined as a first average polarization curve;

e) conducting steps a) through d) at a second interval to produce a second average polarization curve;

f) comparing the first average polarization curve to the second polarization curve to measure the drop in voltage from the first interval to the second interval, wherein the voltage drop corresponds to an amount of degradation of the fuel cell stack; and

g) utilizing the measured drop in voltage between the first and second polarization curves to predict the voltage values of the fuel cells at future time intervals.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising replacing a fuel cell stack when the drop in voltage between the first and second polarization curve exceeds an acceptable threshold value.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the average voltage value is obtained by creating a best fit line for the voltage values within each discrete current range, and selecting a point on the best fit line as the average voltage value.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the average voltage value may be located from the best fit line.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first interval is the initial use of the fuel cell stack.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the second interval is one or more years after the first interval.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising conducting steps a) through d) at a third time interval to produce a third average polarization curve.

8. A method of analyzing future performance for individual fuel cells in a fuel cell stack comprising:

a) generating a first polarization curve by experimentally measuring the voltage of each individual cell in a fuel cell stack across a current range at a first interval;

b) dividing the current range into a plurality of discrete current ranges;

c) obtaining an average voltage value for each discrete current range;

d) fitting all average voltage values onto a line or curve, the curve being defined as a first average polarization curve;

e) selecting at least one value on the first average polarization curve;

f) obtaining the voltage value for each individual fuel cell based on the current associated with the selected value;

g) conducting steps a) through f) at a second interval to produce a second individual cross sectional plot;

h) comparing the first individual cross sectional data to the second individual cross sectional data to calculate the drop in voltage from the first interval to the second interval, wherein the voltage drop corresponds to an amount of fuel cell degradation; and

i) utilizing the measured drop in voltage between the first and second cross-sectional data to predict the voltage values of the individual fuel cells at future time intervals.

9. The method of claim 8 further comprising locating individual fuel cells having a drop in voltage between the first and second intervals more than a threshold value.

10. The method of claim 8 further comprising replacing a fuel cell inside the fuel cell stack when the drop in voltage between the first and second intervals exceeds an acceptable threshold value.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein the average voltage value is obtained by creating a best fit line for the voltage values within each discrete current range, and selecting a point on the best fit line as the average voltage value.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein the average voltage value may be located from the best fit line.

13. The method of claim 8 wherein the first interval is the initial use of the fuel cell stack.

14. The method of claim 8 wherein the second interval is one or more years after the first interval.

15. The method of claim 8 further comprising conducting steps a) through g) at a third time interval to produce a third second individual cross sectional data.

16. A method of analyzing future performance for a fuel cell stack comprising:

a) generating a first polarization curve by experimentally measuring the voltage of each individual fuel cell of a fuel cell stack across a current range at a first interval;

b) dividing the current range into a plurality of discrete current ranges;

c) obtaining an average voltage value for each discrete current range;

d) fitting all average voltage values onto a line or curve, the curve being defined as a first average polarization curve;

e) conducting steps a) through d) at a second interval to produce a second average polarization curve;

f) comparing the first average polarization curve to the second polarization curve to measure the drop in voltage from the first interval to the second interval, wherein the voltage drop corresponds to an amount of degradation of the fuel cell stack;

g) utilizing the calculated drop in voltage between the first and second polarization curves to predict the polarization of the fuel cells at future time intervals;

h) selecting at least one value on the first average polarization curve;

i) obtaining the voltage value for each individual fuel cell based on the current associated with the selected value;

j) obtaining the voltage value for each individual fuel cell at that selected current value at the second interval;

k) comparing the first individual cross sectional data to the second individual cross sectional data to calculate the drop in voltage from the first interval to the second interval, wherein the voltage drop corresponds to an amount of fuel cell degradation; and

m) utilizing the measured drop in voltage between the first and second cross-sectional data to predict the voltage values of the individual fuel cells at future time intervals.