Wireless energy transfer, including interference enhancement
First Claim
1. An apparatus for use in wireless energy transfer, the apparatus comprising:
- a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure, over a distance D larger than a characteristic size L1 of said first resonator structure and larger than a characteristic size L2 of said second resonator structure,wherein the energy transfer has a rate κ and
is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, whereinsaid resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1 at least larger than 100, andsaid resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2 at least larger than 100,wherein the absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than the broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2,and further comprising a power supply coupled to the first structure and configured to drive the first resonator structure or the second resonator structure at an angular frequency away from the resonance angular frequencies and shifted towards a frequency corresponding to an odd normal mode for the resonator structures to reduce radiation from the resonator structures by destructive far-field interference.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Disclosed is an apparatus for use in wireless energy transfer, which includes a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure over a distance D larger than characteristic sizes, L1 and L2, of the first and second resonator structures. A power generator is coupled to the first structure and configured to drive the first resonator structure or the second resonator structure at an angular frequency away from the resonance angular frequencies and shifted towards a frequency corresponding to an odd normal mode for the resonator structures to reduce radiation from the resonator structures by destructive far-field interference.
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Citations
67 Claims
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1. An apparatus for use in wireless energy transfer, the apparatus comprising:
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a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure, over a distance D larger than a characteristic size L1 of said first resonator structure and larger than a characteristic size L2 of said second resonator structure, wherein the energy transfer has a rate κ and
is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, whereinsaid resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1 at least larger than 100, andsaid resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2 at least larger than 100,wherein the absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than the broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2,and further comprising a power supply coupled to the first structure and configured to drive the first resonator structure or the second resonator structure at an angular frequency away from the resonance angular frequencies and shifted towards a frequency corresponding to an odd normal mode for the resonator structures to reduce radiation from the resonator structures by destructive far-field interference. - View Dependent Claims (2)
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3. A method for wireless energy transfer involving a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure, over a distance D larger than a characteristic size L1 of said first resonator structure and larger than a characteristic size L2 of said second resonator structure, wherein the energy transfer has a rate κ
- and is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, wherein said resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1 at least larger than 100, and said resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2 at least larger than 100, wherein the absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than the broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2, the method comprising;driving the first resonator structure or the second resonator structure at an angular frequency away from the resonance angular frequencies and shifted towards a frequency corresponding to an odd normal mode for the resonator structures to reduce radiation from the resonator structures by destructive far-field interference. - View Dependent Claims (4)
- and is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, wherein said resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
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5. An apparatus for use in wireless energy transfer, the apparatus comprising:
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a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure, over a distance D larger than a characteristic size L1 of said first resonator structure and larger than a characteristic size L2 of said second resonator structure, wherein the energy transfer has a rate κ and
is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, whereinsaid resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1 at least larger than 100, andsaid resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2 at least larger than 100,wherein the absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than the broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2,and wherein for a desired range of the distances D, the resonance angular frequencies for the resonator structures increase transmission efficiency T by accounting for radiative interference, wherein the increase is relative to a transmission efficiency T calculated without accounting for the radiative interference. - View Dependent Claims (6)
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7. A method for designing a wireless energy transfer apparatus, the apparatus including a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure, over a distance D larger than a characteristic size L1 of said first resonator structure and larger than a characteristic size L2 of said second resonator structure, wherein the energy transfer has a rate κ
- and is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, wherein said resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1 at least larger than 100, and said resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2 at least larger than 100, wherein the absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than the broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2, the method comprising;selecting the resonance angular frequencies for the resonator structures to substantially optimize the transmission efficiency by accounting for radiative interference between the resonator structures. - View Dependent Claims (8)
- and is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, wherein said resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
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9. An apparatus for use in wireless energy transfer, the apparatus comprising:
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a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure over a distance D, wherein the energy transfer is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, with a coupling factor k, wherein said resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1, and is radiative in the far field, with an associated radiation quality factor Q1,rad≧
Q1, andsaid resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2 and is radiative in the far field, with an associated radiation quality factor Q2,rad≧
Q2,wherein an absolute value of a difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2, and a strong-coupling factor being defined as U=k√
{square root over (Q1Q2)},wherein the apparatus is configured to employ interference between said radiative far fields of the resonant fields of the first and second resonator, with an interference factor Vrad, to reduce a total amount of radiation from the apparatus compared to an amount of radiation from the apparatus in the absence of interference, a strong-interference factor being defined as V=Vrad√
{square root over ((Q1/Q1,rad)(Q2/Q2,rad))}{square root over ((Q1/Q1,rad)(Q2/Q2,rad))}. - View Dependent Claims (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 64, 65)
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31. An apparatus for use in wireless energy transfer, the apparatus comprising:
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a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure over a distance D, wherein the energy transfer is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, with a coupling factor k, wherein said resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1, and is radiative in the far field, with an associated radiation quality factor Q1,rad≧
Q1, andsaid resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2, and is radiative in the far field, with an associated radiation quality factor Q2,rad≧
Q2,wherein an absolute value of a difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than the broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2, and an average resonant angular frequency is defined as ω
o=√
{square root over (ω
1ω
2)}, corresponding to an average resonant wavelength λ
o=2π
c/ω
o, where c is the speed of light in free space, and a strong-coupling factor is defined as U=k√
{square root over (Q1Q2)},wherein the apparatus is configured to employ interference between said radiative far fields of the resonant fields of the first and second resonator, with an interference factor Vrad, to increase efficiency of energy transfer for the apparatus compared to efficiency for the apparatus in the absence of interference, the strong-interference factor being defined as V=Vrad√
{square root over ((Q1/Q1,rad)(Q2/Q2,rad))}{square root over ((Q1/Q1,rad)(Q2/Q2,rad))}. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54)
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55. A method for wireless energy transfer, the method comprising:
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providing a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure over a distance D, wherein the energy transfer is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, with a coupling factor k, wherein said resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1, and is radiative in the far field, with an associated radiation quality factor Q1,rad≧
Q1, andsaid resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2, and is radiative in the far field, with an associated radiation quality factor Q2,rad≧
Q2,wherein an absolute value of a difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2, and the strong-coupling factor is defined as U=k√
{square root over (Q1Q2)}, andemploying interference between said radiative far fields of the resonant fields of the first and second resonator, with an interference factor Vrad, to reduce a total amount of radiation from the first and second resonator compared to an amount of radiation from the first and second resonator in the absence of interference, a strong-interference factor being defined as V=Vrad√
{square root over ((Q1/Q1,rad)(Q2/Q2,rad))}{square root over ((Q1/Q1,rad)(Q2/Q2,rad))}. - View Dependent Claims (56, 57, 58)
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59. A method for wireless energy transfer, the method comprising:
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providing a first resonator structure configured for energy transfer with a second resonator structure over a distance D, wherein the energy transfer is mediated by evanescent-tail coupling of a resonant field of the first resonator structure and a resonant field of the second resonator structure, with a coupling factor k, wherein said resonant field of the first resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
1, a resonance frequency-width Γ
1, and a resonance quality factor Q1=ω
1/2Γ
1, and is radiative in the far field, with an associated radiation quality factor Q1,rad≧
Q1, andsaid resonant field of the second resonator structure has a resonance angular frequency ω
2, a resonance frequency-width Γ
2, and a resonance quality factor Q2=ω
2/2Γ
2, and is radiative in the far field, with an associated radiation quality factor Q2,rad≧
Q2,wherein an absolute value of the difference of said angular frequencies ω
1 and ω
2 is smaller than the broader of said resonant widths Γ
1 and Γ
2 , and an average resonant angular frequency is defined as ω
o=√
{square root over (ω
1ω
2)}, corresponding to an average resonant wavelength λ
o=2π
c/ω
o, where c is the speed of light in free space, and the strong-coupling factor is defined as U=k√
{square root over (Q1Q2)}, andemploying interference between said radiative far fields of the resonant fields of the first and second resonator, with an interference factor Vrad, to increase efficiency of energy transfer between the first and second resonator compared to efficiency of energy transfer between the first and second resonator in the absence of interference, a strong-interference factor being defined as V=Vrad√
{square root over ((Q1/Q1,rad)(Q2/Q2,rad))}{square root over ((Q1/Q1,rad)(Q2/Q2,rad))}. - View Dependent Claims (60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67)
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Specification