Capturing physical feature data

• US 8,077,905 B2
• Filed: 01/19/2007
• Issued: 12/13/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 01/23/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Rhoads, Geoffrey B., Rodriguez, Tony F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Akhavannik, Hadi
• Application Number:
  US11/625,125
• Publication Number:
  US 20070187505A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,789 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/211 Schema design and management
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/106 Display of layout of documents; Previewing
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/14 the marking being sensed by radiation
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/347 Passive cards
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/388 using mutual authentication without cards, e.g. challenge-response
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/60 relating to illumination properties, e.g. using a reflectance or lighting model
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 20/80 Recognising image objects characterised by unique random patterns
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/004 using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/12 Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/121 Apparatus characterised by sensor details
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/2033 Matching unique patterns, i.e. patterns that are unique to each individual paper
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/08 by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means without personal verification means G07F7/02
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/0813 Specific details related to card security
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1008 Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/1016 Devices or methods for securing the PIN and other transaction-data, e.g. by encryption arrangements for secret communication, see H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/125 Offline card verification
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/56 Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/608 Watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/805 Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3278 using physically unclonable functions [PUF]

Abstract

Directional albedo of a particular article, such as an identity card, is measured and stored. When the article is later presented, it can be confirmed to be the same particular article by re-measuring the albedo function, and checking for correspondence against the earlier-stored data. The re-measuring can be performed through us of a handheld optical device, such as a camera-equipped cell phone. The albedo function can serve as random key data in a variety of cryptographic applications. The function can be changed during the life of the article. A variety of other features are also detailed.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

assessing directional albedo data relating to a surface of a first article, said assessing including sensing non-coherent illumination reflected from the article in at least three directions;

storing data corresponding to said assessment; and

later using the directional albedo data to verify said article;

wherein said assessing comprises using a sensor to sense non-coherent illumination reflected by the article from an illumination source, wherein said assessing proceeds independently of information about position of the illumination source relative to at least one of the sensor and the article.

2. The method of claim 1 in which said assessing comprises, for each of plural regions on a surface of said article, estimating a direction at which reflectance from said article is at a maximum.

3. The method of claim 1 in which said assessing comprises, for each of plural regions of the article, estimating a direction at which reflectance from said region is at a maximum.

4. The method of claim 1 that further comprises illuminating the article with diffuse illumination.

5. The method of claim 1, that includes assessing directional albedo data relating to a surface of an identification document.

10. The method of claim 3 in which, for at least one of said regions, the estimated direction at which reflectance is at a maximum is not one of the directions from which reflected illumination was sensed.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein said assessing proceeds independently of information about position of the illumination source relative to the sensor.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein said assessing proceeds independently of information about position of the illumination source relative to the article.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein said assessing proceeds independently of information about position of the illumination source relative to both the sensor and the article.

6. A method of issuing driver licenses that includes fabricating a license, and providing same to an applicant, further characterized by, prior to said providing, collecting a unique set of physical measurement data from each license, storing same in a database, and later using said stored data to identify said license;

wherein said collecting comprises using a sensor to sense non-coherent illumination reflected by the license from an illumination source, and wherein said collecting proceeds without reference to information about position of the illumination source relative to at least one of the sensor and the license.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said collecting comprises capturing information related to topographic minutiae from each license.

8. An apparatus comprising:

a card positioning system, adapted to position an ID card at a known location;

an optical imaging system, arranged to capture optical data from a card positioned at said location from plural different directions, the optical imaging system including a sensor for sampling illumination reflected by the card from an illumination source;

a processor adapted to process data received from said plural optical sensors, and determine therefrom-for each of plural areas on the surface of said card-a wobble angle associated therewith; and

a data store for storing wobble angle information output from said processor, by reference to which the ID card can be validated;

wherein said processor is adapted to determine said wobble angles without reference to information about position of the illumination source relative to at least one of the sensor and the ID card.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said optical imaging system comprises plural 2D optical sensors, each with an associated lens, positioned to capture optical information from a card at said location from plural different directions.