Dialysis fluid heating algorithms

• US 8,078,333 B2
• Filed: 07/05/2007
• Issued: 12/13/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 07/05/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Baxter Healthcare SA (Baxter International Inc.), Baxter International Inc.
• Inventors: Kienman, Richard, Lindsay, Jennifer, Hecht, Gideon, Roger, Rodolfo
• Primary Examiner(s): ROBERTSON, DAVID
• Application Number:
  US11/773,897
• Publication Number:
  US 20090012655A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,622 Days
• Field of Search: 700/299, 700/300, 604/4, 604/6.13, 604/29, 392470-490, 607/108, 607/113, 607/114, 210/196, 237/12.3 R, 622/351, 126/588, 126/651
• US Class Current: 700/300
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/14 Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators semi-permeable membranes characterised by the material, manufacturing processes therefor B01D71/00; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1524 the interface providing means for actuating on functional elements of the cassette, e.g. plungers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/153 the cassette being adapted for heating or cooling the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate or the treating gas
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/155 with treatment-fluid pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1561 at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1565 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1605 Physical characteristics of the dialysate fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/166 Heating for sterilisation A61M1/1686
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/28 Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/127 with provisions for heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3334 Measuring or controlling the flow rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3368 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3653 by Joule effect, i.e. electric resistance
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/44 having means for cooling or heating the devices or media

Abstract

A dialysis fluid heating system includes a dialysis fluid heater; a dialysis fluid carrying element in operable communication with the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; and a logic implementer configured to control the heater using (i) a heater input determined from a dialysis fluid temperature delta and a dialysis fluid flowrate, and (ii) a potential adjustment of the temperature delta using a measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature.

Claims

1. A dialysis fluid heating system comprising:

a dialysis fluid heater;

a dialysis fluid carrying element in operable communication with the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; and

a logic implementer configured to control the heater using

(i) a first heater input determined using a first feedforward determination at a first time from a first dialysis fluid temperature delta and a first dialysis fluid flowrate,

(ii) a feedback adjustment of a second dialysis fluid temperature delta using a measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature and at least two of a proportional gain, integral gain and derivative gain; and

(iii) a second heater input determined using a second feedforward determination at a second time from the second dialysis fluid temperature delta and a second dialysis fluid flowrate.

2. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the dialysis fluid heater is a resistance heater or an induction heater.

3. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the dialysis fluid carrying element is one of:

(i) a disposable heating pathway disposed separately from a disposable pumping cassette;

(ii) a dialysis fluid heating pathway provided as part of the disposable pumping cassette; and

(iii) a warmer bag.

4. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, which includes at least one temperature sensor configured to measure the dialysis fluid outlet temperature and output an indicative signal to the logic implementer.

5. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 4, wherein the temperature sensor is of a type selected from the group consisting of:

(i) an infrared temperature sensor, (ii) a thermistor, and (iii) a resistance temperature device (“

RTD”

), (iv) diode and (v) integrated circuit.

6. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, which includes a table relating heater inputs to temperature deltas and dialysis fluid flowrates, the logic implementer finding an appropriate heater input from the table.

7. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 6, wherein the table is formed empirically.

8. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the first heater input is at least one of (i) a power input and (ii) a power supply input, which powers the heater accordingly.

9. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the first heater input is determined using an algorithm relating the first dialysis fluid temperature delta and the first dialysis fluid flowrate.

10. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the logic implementer is configured to adjust the second dialysis fluid temperature delta by applying each of the proportional gain, integral gain and derivative gain.

11. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the first dialysis fluid temperature delta is based on at least one of:

(i) a desired dialysis fluid outlet temperature and a measured dialysis fluid inlet temperature; and

(ii) the desired dialysis fluid outlet temperature, the measured dialysis fluid inlet temperature and the measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature.

12. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the adjustment using the measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature includes a feedback algorithm applied to a summation of a desired dialysis fluid outlet temperature and the measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature.

13. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 1, wherein the logic implementer is configured to adjust at least one of:

(i) the measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature based on a rate of change of a temperature sensor output; and

(ii) the dialysis fluid flowrate based on a real time determination of a flowrate.

14. A dialysis fluid heating system comprising:

a dialysis fluid heater;

a dialysis fluid carrying element in operable communication with the dialysis fluid heater to heat a dialysis fluid; and

a logic implementer configured to control the heater using

(i) a first heater input determined using a first feedforward determination at a first time from (a) a first dialysis fluid temperature delta relating a desired dialysis fluid outlet temperature and a measured dialysis fluid inlet temperature and (b) a dialysis fluid flowrate, and

(ii) a feedback adjustment using a feedback algorithm applied to a second dialysis fluid temperature delta relating the desired dialysis fluid outlet temperature and a measured dialysis fluid outlet temperature, wherein the feedback adjusted second dialysis fluid temperature delta is used to determine using a second feedforward determination at a second time a second heater input.

15. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 14, which includes a power supply operable to power the dialysis fluid heater, the first and second heater inputs directed to the power supply, which powers the heater accordingly.

16. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 14, the logic implementer configured to make the first and second feedforward determinations using a table or an algorithm.

17. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 14, further comprising:

a primary inductor coil;

a susceptor induced by the primary coil to heat a dialysis fluid;

a sensor positioned to measure an electrical property of one of the susceptor and the primary inductive coil, wherein

the logic implementer configured to determine a resistance of the susceptor from the measured electrical property, and relate the determined resistance to a temperature of the susceptor.

18. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 17, wherein the logic implementer is configured to determine the resistance of the susceptor via (i) contact between the susceptor and an electrical circuit that applies one of a voltage and a current to the susceptor, the other of the voltage and the current being the measured electrical property;

(ii) measuring a voltage and current applied to the primary inductive coil; and

(iii) measuring a decay in oscillations of the property in a resonant mode due to the resistance of the susceptor.

19. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 17, the logic implementer configured to relate the determined resistance to the temperature of the susceptor using (i) a calibration of a resistance determined when the temperature of the susceptor is known;

and (ii) a known temperature delta to a resistance delta relationship for the susceptor.

20. The dialysis fluid heating system of claim 19, the logic implementer further configured to use the temperature of the susceptor for at least one of (i) control of power to the primary inductive coil;

(ii) detection of air in a fluid carrying element operable with the susceptor, and (iii) detection of fluid flow changes or stops.