Drill bit having rotational cutting elements and method of drilling

• US 8,079,431 B1
• Filed: 03/17/2009
• Issued: 12/20/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: US Synthetic Corporation (ChampionX Corporation)
• Original Assignee: US Synthetic Corporation (ChampionX Corporation)
• Inventors: Cooley, Craig H., Gonzalez, Jair J., Lund, Jeffery B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wright, Giovanna
• Application Number:
  US12/405,585
• Time in Patent Office: 1,008 Days
• Field of Search: 175/354, 175/413, 175/431, 175/432, 175/412
• US Class Current: 175/432
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 10/55 with preformed cutting elements
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 10/567 with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 10/573 characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 10/62 characterised by parts, e.g. cutting elements, which are detachable or adjustable E21B10/64 takes precedence; for roller bits E21B10/20; for augers E21B10/44
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 10/627 with plural detachable cutting elements
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 10/633 independently detachable

Abstract

A rotary drill bit is disclosed. The rotary drill bit may include a bit body, a cutting pocket defined in the bit body, and a cutting element rotatably coupled to the bit body. The cutting element may be positioned at least partially within the cutting pocket. The rotary drill bit may also include a rotation-inducing member adjacent to the cutting element for inducing rotation of the cutting element relative to the cutting pocket. The rotation-inducing member may include a resilient member or a vibrational member. The rotary drill bit may also include protrusions extending from an interior of the cutting pocket adjacent to an outer diameter of the cutting element. A method of drilling a formation is also disclosed.

Claims

1. A rotary drill bit, comprising:

a bit body;

a cutting pocket defined in the bit body;

a cutting element rotatably coupled to the bit body, the cutting element being positioned at least partially within the cutting pocket;

a rotation-inducing member operably coupled to the cutting element for inducing rotation of the cutting element relative to the cutting pocket in a first rotational direction while also inducing rolling contact between the cutting element and the cutting pocket such that a rolling contact point between the cutting element and the cutting pocket travels in a rotational direction opposite of the first rotational direction.

2. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein a gap is defined between the cutting element and the cutting pocket.

3. The rotary drill bit of claim 2, wherein the cutting element is coupled to the bit body such that the cutting element may be moved within the cutting pocket.

4. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member is disposed at least partially within the cutting pocket.

5. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member comprises at least a portion of at least one surface of the cutting pocket surface.

6. The rotary drill bit of claim 5, wherein the rotation-inducing member includes a body portion, a first prong and a second prong, wherein the body portion is coupled with the bit body, and wherein the at least a portion of the at least one surface of the cutting pocket surface is formed by portions of the first and second prongs.

7. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member is disposed between the cutting element and the cutting pocket defined in the bit body.

8. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member is configured such that cutting forces acting on the drill bit actuate the rotation-inducing member to induce rotation of the cutting element relative to the cutting pocket.

9. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member is configured to induce a net rotation of the cutting element in a single direction relative to the cutting pocket.

10. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member is configured to induce rotation of the cutting element relative to the cutting pocket as the drill bit is rotated relative to a formation.

11. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member comprises a resilient support member.

12. The rotary drill bit of claim 11, wherein the resilient support member comprises a spring element.

13. The rotary drill bit of claim 11, wherein the resilient support member comprises at least one of a wave spring washer, a curved spring washer, or a Belleville spring washer.

14. The rotary drill bit of claim 11, wherein the resilient support member is configured to vibrate in response to cutting forces.

15. The rotary drill bit of claim 11, wherein the resilient support member is configured to compress in response to cutting forces.

16. The rotary drill bit of claim 11, wherein the resilient support member is configured to alternately compress and decompress in response to variations in cutting forces.

17. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member comprises a vibrational member, and the vibrational member is configured to vibrate such that friction between the cutting element and the cutting pocket is reduced.

18. The rotary drill bit of claim 17, wherein the vibrational member is configured to vibrate at a frequency and magnitude sufficient to induce rotation of the cutting element relative to the cutting pocket.

19. The rotary drill bit of claim 17, wherein the vibrational member comprises at least two vibrational prongs at least partially surrounding the cutting element.

20. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the cutting element comprises a substrate and a superabrasive material bonded to the substrate.

21. The rotary drill bit of claim 20, wherein the rotation-inducing member is adjacent to at least one of the substrate and the superabrasive material bonded to the substrate.

22. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the rotation-inducing member comprises a resilient support member disposed between a back surface of the cutting element and the cutting pocket.

23. The rotary drill bit of claim 1, wherein the cutting element includes opposing first and second ends, wherein the rotation-inducing member includes a bearing member, and wherein each of the first and second ends of the cutting element are supported by the bearing member.

24. A method of drilling a formation, comprising:

providing a drill bit comprising;

a bit body;

a cutting pocket defined in the bit body;

a cutting element rotatably coupled to the bit body, the cutting element being positioned at least partially within the cutting pocket;

a rotation-inducing member adjacent to the cutting element;

contacting the drill bit to a formation;

moving the drill bit relative to the formation;

inducing rotation of the cutting element in a first rotational direction relative to the cutting pocket via the rotation-inducing member as the drill bit is moved relative to the formation and also inducing a rolling contact between the cutting element and the cutting pocket such that a rolling contact point between the cutting element and the cutting pocket travels in a rotational direction opposite of the first rotational direction.

25. A rotary drill bit, comprising:

a bit body;

a cutting pocket defined at least partially in the bit body;

a cutting element rotatably coupled to the bit body, the cutting element being positioned at least partially within the cutting pocket;

a rotation-inducing member located and configured for inducing rotation of the cutting element relative to the cutting pocket, wherein the rotation-inducing member includes a body portion and at least one prong wherein the body portion is coupled with the bit body, and wherein a portion of the at least prong defines a portion of the cutting pocket.

26. The rotary drill bit of claim 25, wherein the at least one prong includes a first prong and a second prong.