Techniques for MMWAVE WPAN communications with high-directional steerable antennas combining omni-directional transmissions with beamforming training

• US 8,095,069 B2
• Filed: 12/18/2008
• Issued: 01/10/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 03/11/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Maltsev, Alexander, Kesselman, Alex, Maslennikov, Roman, Maltsev, Alexander Jr., Khoryaev, Alexey, Shilov, Mikhail
• Primary Examiner(s): Mottola, Steven J
• Application Number:
  US12/317,177
• Publication Number:
  US 20090233549A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,118 Days
• Field of Search: 455/41.2, 455/63.4, 455/562.1, 370/328, 370/329, 370/338, 370/347
• US Class Current: 455/41.2
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/26 varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture H01Q3/12, H01Q3/22, H01Q3/24 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/80 Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for communicating in a millimeter wave (MMWAVE) wireless personal area network (WPAN) system using a reliable low-rate omni-directional communications mode implemented as TX-RX space scanning using directional antennas; and using a high-rate directional communications mode with beamformed directional antennas.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

communicating in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) by using a reliable low-rate omni-directional communications mode implemented as TX-RX space scanning using directional antennas, and a high-rate directional communications mode with beamformed directional antennas;

wherein said WPAN is a piconet that includes a central station, a piconet controller (PNC) and other station devices (DEVs) and a transmission is done using consecutive in time superframes divided into functional periods with the functional period intervals set by the PNC for all stations and wherein there is only a low-rate omni-directional transmission mode or only a high-rate directional transmission mode within one functional period and wherein a functional period using a low-rate omni-directional mode is set in adjacent time intervals and the number of transitions from the high-rate directional mode to the low-rate omni-directional mode is minimized when measured at the duration of several superframes.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein to send a frame between two stations in said high-rate directional communications mode, a pair of stations perform beamforming operations by adjusting antenna patterns towards each other or towards a reflecting object by implementing TX-RX space scanning prior to the start of transmit or receive operations in said high-rate directional communications mode in said WPAN system.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said low-rate omni-directional communications mode using TX-RX space scanning uses the same frame to simultaneously carry control information in a low-rate omni-directional mode and perform beamforming training of directional antennas.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said low-rate omni-directional mode is used only for the following set of MAC/PHY functions that are required before switching to a high-rate directional mode:

omni-beacon frame with control information in low-rate mode;

Low-rate association request command sent by DEV not associated to the piconet to request an association;

Beamforming training frame to perform training between two DEVs; and

Beamforming retraining request sent by DEVs that are associated to the piconet but lost the beamforming to the PNC and cannot use directional mode.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein communications of control information from PNC to associated DEVs is done using directional beacon frames that are sent in the high-rate directional mode using individual beacon frame to every associated DEV and where communication of the control information from said DEVs to said PNC is done using feedback frames sent in the directional mode by each DEV after reception of a directional beacon from said PNC.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein after sending directional beacon frames and receiving directional feedback frames from all DEVs in said piconet, said PNC sends additional directional announcement frames to a subset of DEVs in said piconet with additional control information which becomes available after completion of exchanges of directional beacons and feedback frames with all associated DEVs in said piconet.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein one superframe includes the following functional periods:

Omni-Beacon Period, Omni-Contention Access Period (Omni-CAP), Directional Beacons Period, Announcement Period, Directional Channel Time Allocation Period (Directional CTAP) and Beamforming Period.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said Omni-Beacon period is used for sending a low-rate beacon frame containing minimal control information required to enter a network in low-rate omni-directional mode and to perform beamforming training of directional antennas for communication link from PNC to DEV.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the said Omni-Contention Access Period (Omni-CAP) is used for Low-rate association request command sent by a DEV not associated to said piconet to request an association;

and Beamforming retraining request sent by DEVs that were associated to said piconet but lost beamforming to said PNC and cannot use directional mode for transmission; and

to perform beamforming training of directional antennas for communication link from DEV to PNC.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein said Directional Beacon period is used for communications of control information from said PNC to associated DEVs with directional beacon frames that are sent in a high-rate directional mode using individual beacon frames to every associated DEV;

and for communication of control information from DEVs to PNC with feedback frames sent in the high-rate directional mode by each DEV after reception of the directional beacon frame from the PNC.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein said Announcement period is used by said PNC after a Directional Beacons period to send additional directional announcement frames to one or more DEVs in said piconet with additional control information from said PNC which became available after completion of said Directional Beacons period.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein the said Directional Channel Time Allocation Period (Directional CTAP) is used for data transmission between stations in said high-rate directional mode.

13. The method of claim 6, wherein said Beamforming Period is used for beamforming training between DEVs in low-rate omni-directional mode implemented as TX-RX sectors scanning.

14. An apparatus, comprising:

a transceiver operable to communicate in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) by using a low-rate omni-directional communications mode implemented as TX-RX space scanning using directional antennas and a high-rate directional communications mode with beamformed directional antennas;

wherein said WPAN is a piconet that includes and said transceiver may be used as, a central station, a piconet controller (PNC) or other station devices (DEVs) and a transmission is done using consecutive in time superframes divided into functional periods with the functional period intervals set by the PNC for all stations and where there is only the low-rate omni-directional transmission mode or only the high-rate directional transmission mode within one functional period and where the functional periods using low-rate omni-directional mode are set in adjacent time intervals and the number of transitions from the high-rate directional mode to the low-rate omni-directional mode is minimized when measured at the duration of several superframes.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein to send a frame between said transceiver and at least one additional transceiver in said high-rate directional communications mode, said transceiver and said at least one additional transceiver perform a beamforming operation by adjusting antenna patterns towards each other or towards a reflecting object by implementing TX-RX space scanning prior to the start of transmit or receive operations in said high-rate directional communications mode in said WPAN system.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said low-rate omni-directional communications mode using TX-RX space scanning uses the same frame to simultaneously carry control information in a low-rate omni-directional mode and perform beamforming training of directional antennas.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said low-rate omni-directional mode is used only for the following set of MAC/PHY functions that are required before switching to a high-rate directional mode:

omni-beacon frame with control information in low-rate mode;

Low-rate association request command sent by DEV not associated to the piconet to request an association;

Beamforming training frame to perform training between two DEVs; and

Beamforming retraining request sent by DEVs that are associated to the piconet but lost the beamforming to the PNC and cannot use directional mode.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein communications of control information from PNC to associated DEVs is done using directional beacon frames that are sent in the high-rate directional mode using individual beacon frame to every associated DEV and where communication of the control information from DEVs to PNC is done using feedback frames sent in the directional mode by each DEV after reception of the directional beacon from the PNC.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein after sending directional beacon frames and receiving directional feedback frames from all DEVs in said piconet, said PNC sends additional directional announcement frames to a subset of DEVs in said piconet with additional control information which becomes available after completion of exchanges of directional beacons and feedback frames with all associated DEVs in the piconet.

20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein one superframe includes the following functional periods:

Omni-Beacon Period, Omni-Contention Access Period (Omni-CAP), Directional Beacons Period, Announcement Period, Directional Channel Time Allocation Period (Directional CTAP) and Beamforming Period.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said Omni-Beacon period is used for sending a low-rate beacon frame containing minimal control information required to enter network in low-rate omni-directional mode and to perform beamforming training of directional antennas for communication link from PNC to DEV.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the said Omni-Contention Access Period (Omni-CAP) is used for Low-rate association request command sent by a DEV not associated to said piconet to request an association;

and Beamforming retraining request sent by DEVs that were associated to said piconet but lost the beamforming to said PNC and cannot use directional mode for transmission; and

to perform beamforming training of directional antennas for communication link from DEV to PNC.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said Directional Beacon period is used for communications of control information from PNC to associated DEVs with directional beacon frames that are sent in a high-rate directional mode using individual beacon frames to every associated DEV;

and for communication of control information from DEVs to PNC with feedback frames sent in the high-rate directional mode by each DEV after reception of the directional beacon frame from the PNC.

24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein said Announcement period is used by said PNC after a Directional Beacons period to send additional directional announcement frames to one or more DEVs in said piconet with additional control information from said PNC which became available after completion of said Directional Beacons period.

25. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the said Directional Channel Time Allocation Period (Directional CTAP) is used for data transmission between stations in said high-rate directional mode.

26. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said Beamforming Period is used for beamforming training between DEVs in low-rate omni-directional mode implemented as TX-RX sectors scanning.

27. A non-transitory machine-accessible medium that provides instructions, which when accessed, cause a machine to perform operations comprising:

communicating in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) by using a reliable low-rate omni-directional communications mode implemented as TX-RX space scanning using directional antennas; and

using high-rate directional communications mode with beamformed directional antennas;

wherein said WPAN is a piconet that includes a central station, a Piconet controller (PNC) and other station devices (DEVs) and a transmission is done using consecutive in time superframes divided into functional periods with the functional period intervals set by the PNC for all stations and wherein there is only a low-rate omni-directional transmission mode or only a high-rate directional transmission mode within one functional period and wherein a functional period using a low-rate omni-directional mode is set in adjacent time intervals and the number of transitions from the high-rate directional mode to the low-rate omni-directional mode is minimized when measured at the duration of several superframes.

28. The non-transitory machine accessible medium of claim 27, wherein to send a frame between two stations in said high-rate directional communications mode, a pair of stations perform beamforming operation by adjusting antenna patterns towards each other or towards a reflecting object by implementing TX-RX space scanning prior to the start of transmit or receive operations in said high-rate directional communications mode in said WPAN system.