Feasible region determination for autonomous parking

• US 8,098,174 B2
• Filed: 04/22/2009
• Issued: 01/17/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 04/22/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Moshchuk, Nikolai K., Chen, Shih-Ken
• Primary Examiner(s): Bugg, George
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nwugo, Ojiako
• Application Number:
  US12/427,929
• Publication Number:
  US 20100271236A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,000 Days
• Field of Search: 340932-933, 340/425.5, 340/435, 340/436, 340932- 93, 701 48- 59, 348/148
• US Class Current: 340/932.2
• CPC Class Codes: B62D 15/0285 Parking performed automatically
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/9314 Parking operations

Abstract

A method is provided for initiating a parking maneuver for parallel parking a vehicle between a first object and a second object. A target parking space is measured. A determination is made whether the measured target parking space is sufficient to allow an autonomous parallel parking maneuver. A region of feasible starting locations is determined to successfully perform the parallel parking maneuver between the first object and the second object if the available parking space is sufficient. A position of a midpoint of a rear axle is determined in relation to the designated region. A determination is made whether the midpoint of the rear axle is within the designated region. A driver of the vehicle is signaled in response to an instantaneous location of the midpoint of the rear axle vehicle being a feasible starting location to initiate the parallel parking maneuver.

Claims

1. A method for initiating a parking maneuver for parallel parking a vehicle between a first object and a second object, the method comprising the steps of:

measuring a target parking space;

determining whether the measured target parking space is sufficient to allow an autonomous parallel parking maneuver;

if sufficient, then determining a region of feasible starting locations to successfully perform the parallel parking maneuver between the first object and the second object, wherein the respective region for initiating the parallel parking maneuver is bound by a first linear segment, a second linear segment, a third linear segment, and a non-linear segment, wherein the first linear segment is parallel to the second linear segment, wherein the third linear segment is perpendicular to and connecting the first and second linear segments, and wherein the non-linear segment connects the first and second linear segments;

determining a position of a midpoint of a rear axle of the vehicle in relation to the designated region;

determining whether the midpoint of the rear axle is within the designated region; and

signaling to a driver of the vehicle whether an instantaneous location of the midpoint of the rear axle is a feasible starting location to initiate the parallel parking maneuver.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein a position of the vehicle is determined based on the position of the rear axle midpoint of the vehicle.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of determining an orientation angle of the vehicle relative to an x-axis having an origin originating at a rear driver-side corner of the second object, wherein the step of determining the orientation angle includes determining whether the orientation angle of the vehicle is zero, whether the orientation angle is a positive orientation, or whether the orientation angle is a negative orientation.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of determining a feasibility of successfully performing the parallel parking maneuver based on the available parking space includes determining whether the vehicle can be parallel parked utilizing a one cycle parking strategy or a two cycle parking strategy, wherein the one cycle parking strategy includes applying a first steering maneuver and then a second steering maneuver while the vehicle travels in a reverse direction until the vehicle reaches a final parking position, wherein the second steering maneuver is a counter direction to the first steering maneuver, and wherein the two cycle parking strategy includes applying the first steering maneuver and then the second steering maneuver that is counter to the first steering maneuver while the vehicle travels in a reverse direction and applying a third steering maneuver when the vehicle travels in a forward direction until the vehicle reaches a final park position.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein in response to the determination that the vehicle can be parked using a one cycle parking strategy and the vehicle having a zero orientation angle, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X+L−

b)²+(Y+a−

R₁−

R₂)²=(R₁+R₂)²

where L is the distance between the first object and the second object, a is half of a vehicle width, b₁ is a distance between the rear axle and the a rear bumper of the vehicle, R₁ is the turning radius of the first steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and R₂ is the turning radius of a second steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein in response to the determination that the vehicle can be parked using a one cycle parking strategy and the vehicle having a positive orientation angle, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X+L−

b−

R₂ sin ψ

)²+(Y+a−

R₁−

R₂−

R₂(1−

cos ψ

))²=(R₁+R₂)²

where L is the distance between the first object and the second object, a is half of a vehicle width, b is a distance between the rear axle and the a rear bumper of the vehicle, R₁ is the turning radius of the first steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and R₂ is the turning radius of the second steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment, and v is the orientation angle relative to a X axis.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein in response to the determination that the vehicle can be parked using a one cycle parking strategy and the vehicle having a negative orientation angle, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X+L−

b+R₂ sin ψ

)²+(Y+a−

R₁−

R₂+R₂(1−

cos ψ

))²(R₁+R₂)²

where L is the distance between the first object and the second object, a is half of a vehicle width, b is a distance between the rear axle and the a rear bumper of the vehicle, R₁ is the turning radius of the first steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and R₂ is the turning radius of the second maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment, and ψ

is the orientation angle of the vehicle relative to a X axis.

8. The method of claim 4 wherein in response to the determination that the vehicle can be parked using a two cycle parking strategy and the vehicle having a zero orientation angle, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X₄−

X)²+(Y₄−

Y+R₁−

R₂)²=(R₁+R₂)²

where R₁ is the turning radius of a first steering maneuver during a first cycle of two cycle parking strategy, and R₂ is the turning radius of a second steering maneuver during the first cycle of the parallel parking strategy, X₄ is a longitudinal distance of a projected point from the origin in which the vehicle would be positioned if the vehicle was parked parallel to the x-axis while having unbounded space between the first and second objects, and Y₄ is a latitudinal distance of a projected point from the origin in which the vehicle would be positioned if the vehicle was parked parallel to the x-axis using only the first steering cycle of the two cycle parking strategy while having unbounded space between the first and second objects, and X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment.

9. The method of claim 4 wherein in response to the determination that the vehicle can be parked using a two cycle parking strategy and the vehicle having a positive orientation angle, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X₄−

X−

R₂ sin ψ

²+(Y₄−

Y+R₁−

R₂(1−

cos ψ

))²=(R₁+R₂)²

where R₁ is the turning radius of a first steering maneuver during a first cycle of two cycle parking strategy, and R₂ is the turning radius of a second steering maneuver during the first cycle of the parallel parking strategy, X₄ and Y₄ are longitudinal and latitudinal values in the yAx coordinate system of a projected point from the origin in which the vehicle would be positioned if the vehicle was parked parallel to the x-axis using only the first steering cycle of the two cycle parking strategy while having unbounded space between the first and second objects, X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment, and ψ

is the orientation angle of the vehicle relative to the X axis.

10. The method of claim 4 wherein in response to the determination that the vehicle can be parked using a two cycle parking strategy and the vehicle having a negative orientation angle, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X₄−

X+R₂ sin ψ

)²+(Y₄−

Y+R₁+R₂(1−

cos ψ

))²=(R₁+R₂)²

where R₁ is the turning radius of a first steering maneuver during a first cycle of two cycle parking strategy, and R₂ is the turning radius of a second steering maneuver during the first cycle of the parallel parking strategy, X₄ and Y₄ are longitudinal and latitudinal values in the yAx coordinate system of a projected point from the origin in which the vehicle would be positioned if the vehicle was parked parallel to the x-axis using only the first steering cycle of the two cycle parking strategy while having unbounded space between the first and second objects, X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment, and ψ

is the orientation angle of the vehicle relative to the X axis.

11. A method for initiating a parking maneuver for parallel parking a vehicle between a first object and a second object, the method comprising the steps of:

identifying an available parking space for parking the vehicle between the first object and the second object;

determining whether the available parking space is sufficient to successfully perform a parallel parking maneuver in response to a width of the vehicle, a length of the available parking space, a rear axle midpoint-to-bumper length, and vehicle turning radius;

determining a designated region to initiate a successful parallel parking maneuver, wherein the respective region for initiating the parallel parking maneuver is bound by a first linear segment, a second linear segment, a third linear segment, and a non-linear segment, wherein the first linear segment is parallel to the second linear segment, wherein the third linear segment is perpendicular to and connecting the first and second linear segments, and wherein the non-linear segment connects the first and second linear segments;

determining a position of the midpoint of the rear axle of the vehicle in relation to the designated region;

determining whether the midpoint of the rear axle is within the designated region; and

performing a parallel parking maneuver for parking the vehicle in the available parking space in response to the midpoint of the rear axle being within the respective region.

12. An autonomous parking system for parallel parking a vehicle between a first object and a second object, the autonomous parking system identifying a feasible region in a road adjacent the second object for initiating an autonomous parallel parking maneuver, the system comprising:

a sensing device for detecting objects proximate to the driven vehicle, the sensing device providing signals configured for determining a space between the first object and the second object; and

a controller for receiving the signals identifying the space between the first object and the second object, the controller determining a whether the vehicle can be autonomously parked utilizing a one cycle parking strategy or a two cycle parking strategy;

wherein the controller determines the respective region in relation to the second object to initiate an autonomous parallel parking maneuver between the first and second objects, wherein the respective region is bound by a first linear segment, a second linear segment, a third linear segment, and a non-linear segment, wherein the first linear segment is parallel to the second linear segment, wherein the third linear segment is perpendicular to and connecting the first and second linear segments, and wherein the non-linear segment is a connects the first and second linear segments, the controller further identifying whether the vehicle is within the respective region, and wherein the controller actuates a command to initiate the autonomous parallel parking maneuver in response to the vehicle being within the respective region.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller determines an orientation angle of the vehicle relative an x-axis having an origin originating at a rear left side corner of the second object, wherein determining the orientation angle includes determining whether the orientation angle of the vehicle is zero, or whether the orientation angle is a positive orientation, or whether the orientation angle is a negative orientation.

14. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller determines whether the vehicle can be autonomously parallel parked using a one cycle parking strategy, wherein in response to the controller determining that the vehicle can be parallel parked using a one cycle parking strategy, then for an orientation of the vehicle being zero, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X+L−

b₁)²+(Y+a−

R₁−

R₂)²=(R₁+R₂)²

where L is the distance between the first object and the second object, a is half of a vehicle width, b is a distance between the rear axle and the a rear bumper of the vehicle, R₁ is the turning radius of the first steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and R₂ is the turning radius of a second steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment.

15. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller determines whether the vehicle can be autonomously parallel parked using a one cycle parking strategy, wherein in response to the controller determining that the vehicle can be parallel parked using the one cycle parking strategy, then for an orientation of the vehicle having a positive orientation, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X+L−

b−

R₂ sin ψ

)²+(Y+a−

R₁−

R₂−

R₂(1−

cos ψ

))=(R₁+R₂)²

where L is the distance between the first object and the second object, a is half of a vehicle width, b is a distance between the rear axle and the a rear bumper of the vehicle, R₁ is the turning radius of the first steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and R₂ is the turning radius of the second steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment, and ψ

is the orientation angle relative to a X axis.

16. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller determines whether the vehicle can be autonomously parallel parked using a one cycle parking strategy, wherein in response to the controller determining that the vehicle can be parallel parked using the one cycle parking strategy, then for an orientation of the vehicle having a negative orientation, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X+L−

b+R₂ sin ψ

)²+(Y+a−

R₁−

R₂+R₂(1−

cos ψ

))=(R₁+R₂)²

where L is the distance between the first object and the second object, a is half of a vehicle width, b is a distance between the rear axle and the a rear bumper of the vehicle, R₁ is the turning radius of the first steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and R₂ is the turning radius of the second steering maneuver during the parallel parking maneuver, and X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment, and ψ

is the orientation angle of the vehicle relative to the X axis.

17. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller determines whether the vehicle can be autonomously parallel parked using a two cycle parking strategy, wherein in response to the controller determining that the vehicle can be parallel parked using the two cycle parking strategy, then for an orientation of the vehicle being zero, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X₄−

X)²+(Y₂−

Y+R₁−

R₂)²=(R₁+R₂)²

where R₁ is the turning radius of a first steering maneuver during a first cycle of two cycle parking strategy, and R₂ is the turning radius of a second steering maneuver during the first cycle of the parallel parking strategy, while having unbounded space between the first and second objects, X₄ is a longitudinal distance of a projection point from the origin in which the vehicle would be positioned if the vehicle was parked parallel to the x-axis using only the respective steering maneuvers in the reverse direction, and Y₄ is a latitudinal distance of a projected point from the origin in which the vehicle would be positioned if the vehicle was parked parallel to the x-axis using only the first steering cycle of the two cycle parking strategy while having unbounded space between the first and second objects and X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment.

18. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller determines whether the vehicle can be autonomously parallel parked using a two cycle parking maneuver, wherein in response to the controller determining that the vehicle can be parallel parked using the two cycle parking maneuver, then for an orientation of the vehicle having a positive orientation, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X₄−

X−

R₂ sin ψ

)²+(Y₂−

Y+R₁−

R₂(1−

cos ψ

))²=(R₁+R₂)²

where R₁ is the turning radius of a first steering maneuver during a first cycle of two cycle parking strategy, and R₂ is the turning radius of a second steering maneuver during the first cycle of the parallel parking strategy, X₄ and Y₄ are longitudinal and latitudinal values in the yAx coordinate system of a projected point from the origin in which the vehicle would be positioned if the vehicle was parked parallel to the x-axis using only the first steering cycle of the two cycle parking strategy while having unbounded space between the first and second objects, X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment, and ψ

is the orientation angle of the vehicle relative to the X axis.

19. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller determines whether the vehicle can be autonomously parallel parked using a two cycle parking strategy, wherein in response to the controller determining that the vehicle can be parallel parked using the two cycle parking strategy, then for an orientation of the vehicle having a negative orientation, the fourth nonlinear segment is determined by the following formula:

(X₄−

X₁+R₂ sin ψ

)²+(Y₂−

Y₁+R₁+R₂(1−

cos ψ

))²=(R₁+R₂)²

where R₁ is the turning radius of a first steering maneuver during a first cycle of two cycle parking strategy, and R₂ is the turning radius of a second steering maneuver during the first cycle of the parallel parking strategy, X₄ and Y₄ longitudinal and latitudinal values in the yAx coordinate system of a projected point from the origin in which the vehicle would be positioned if the vehicle was parked parallel to the x-axis using only the first steering cycle of the two cycle parking strategy while having unbounded space between the first and second objects, X and Y are the coordinates of a point varying on the non-linear segment and ψ

is the orientation angle of the vehicle relative to the X axis.