Interleaved and directional wireless mesh network

• US 8,102,868 B2
• Filed: 08/22/2006
• Issued: 01/24/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 01/05/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Callahan Cellular LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Folusha Forte BV LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Inventors: Osann, Robert Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shah, Chirag
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, MINH TRANG T
• Application Number:
  US11/507,921
• Publication Number:
  US 20070153817A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,981 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 370/406
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/00 Network topologies
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/04 adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user

Abstract

A directional and interleaved wireless mesh network is described where mesh nodes have directional antennas facing in horizontally orthogonal directions. The antennas can be focused to have a beam width of less than ninety degrees in order to achieve greater strength of signal and radiation. Each mesh node can have two radios that communicate on separate channels, such that packets propagated through the mesh network can utilize either channel in order to hop from one node to the next. Each radio can be connected to four orthogonally directed antennas in order to enable communication with adjacent nodes. Alternatively, a separate independent radio can be connected to each antenna in order to achieve greater simultaneity of transmission and reception to the node. For example, two such radio-antenna combinations can be facing in each of the four orthogonal directions, each of the two combinations operating on a different RF channel.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wirelessly communicating signals between nodes in a wireless mesh network, the apparatus included in a first node of the wireless mesh network and comprising:

a first directional antenna; and

a relay radio configured to be coupled to the first directional antenna, the relay radio configured to be coupled to at least a second, third, and fourth directional antenna on the first node by way of a radio frequency (RF) splitter, wherein at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth directional antennas is configurable to be aimed in a substantially orthogonal direction relative to at least one other of the first, second, third, and fourth directional antennas, wherein coupled between each of the first, second, third, and fourth directional antennas and the RF splitter, is a respective first, second, third, and fourth RF switch, each configured to select via individual control of the respective single first, second, third, or fourth RF switch, for transmission of packets, a unique direction associated with a selected directional antenna of the first, second, third and fourth directional antennas.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each of the directional antennas is configured to communicate with at least one of four adjacent nodes to the first node of the wireless mesh network, the communication to occur on a common RF channel.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each of the directional antennas is adjusted in azimuth and elevation to adjust to a topological environment.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each of the directional antennas is configured to have a beamwidth of less than forty-five degrees.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the individual control of the respective single first, second, third, or fourth RF switch comprises selection of one of the first, second, third, or fourth RF switches without selecting one or more of the remaining first, second, third, or fourth RF switches in order to transmit the packets in the unique direction.

6. A system, comprising:

a first relay radio included on a first node in an interleaved wireless mesh network, the first relay radio configured to be coupled to a first plurality of directional antennas via a first radio frequency (RF) splitter, wherein at least one of the directional antennas in the first plurality is aimed in a substantially orthogonal direction relative to at least one other directional antenna in the first plurality; and

a second relay radio included on the first node and configured to be coupled to a second plurality of directional antennas via a second RF splitter, wherein at least one of the directional antennas in the second plurality is aimed in a substantially orthogonal direction relative to at least one other directional antenna in the second plurality of directional antennas, wherein a first, second, third, and fourth independently controllable RF switch is coupled between at least a respective first, second, third, and fourth directional antenna of the second plurality of directional antennas and the second RF splitter, each of the first, second, third, and fourth independently controllable RF switches configured to select via individual control of the single respective first, second, third, or fourth independently controllable RF switch, for transmission of packets, a specific direction associated with a selected directional antenna of the first, second, third or fourth directional antenna.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein the first relay radio and the second relay radio are configured to make RF connections to respective first and second relay radios of a second node.

8. The system of claim 6 wherein the first relay radio and the second relay radio provide alternative paths for receiving packets on the first node and transmitting packets from the first node.

9. The system of claim 6 wherein the directional antennas are configured to have a horizontal beam width angle of less than 90 degrees.

10. The system of claim 6 wherein the interleaved wireless mesh network including the first node includes a least four mesh nodes arranged in a substantially rectangular grid formation.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein a first mesh node of the rectangular grid formation is configured to transmit directly to a mesh node other than one aligned diagonally from the first mesh node.

12. The system of claim 6, further comprising a third plurality of directional antennas, the third plurality of antennas implemented as a gang of antennas.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the third plurality of directional antennas has a fixed relationship to the second plurality of directional antennas and can be adjusted for azimuth and elevation in unison.

14. A method for receiving and transmitting packets in an interleaved wireless mesh network including a plurality of nodes, said method comprising:

receiving a stream of packets on a first RF channel at a first radio of a first node in the interleaved wireless mesh network, the first radio coupled to a first, second, third, and fourth directional antenna, wherein a first, second, third, and fourth independently controllable RF switch is coupled between each of the respective first, second, third, and fourth directional antennas and the first radio; and

transmitting the stream of packets on a second RF channel from a second radio, the second radio coupled to a respective fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth directional antenna by way of an RF splitter, wherein coupled between each of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth directional antennas and the RF splitter is each of a respective fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth individually-controllable RF switch, each configured to select a unique direction associated with a single selected antenna of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth directional antenna for transmission of the stream of packets.

15. The method of claim 14 further comprising monitoring additional nodes in the interleaved wireless mesh network to detect available nodes for transmitting and/or receiving the stream of packets.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the stream of packets are received from an adjacent second node included in a grid of four nodes in the interleaved wireless mesh network.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the first node and the adjacent second node each include two radio-antenna combinations facing in each of four horizontally substantially orthogonal directions.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein within the grid of four nodes, each of two nodes positioned diagonally in the grid from each other include identical channel assignments for each of the radios similarly positioned on each of the two nodes.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein each radio of a given node is assigned to operate on a different channel than each other radio of the given node.

20. The method of claim 14 wherein the first node includes a plurality of ganged sector antennas, each antenna gang constructed on a printed circuit board substrate.