Method, device, implantable stimulator and dual chamber cardiac therapy system

• US 8,103,344 B2
• Filed: 10/31/2006
• Issued: 01/24/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: St. Jude Medical AB (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: St. Jude Medical AB (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Inventors: Björling, Anders
• Primary Examiner(s): Manuel, George
• Assistant Examiner(s): WIELAND, ROBERT N
• Application Number:
  US12/446,496
• Publication Number:
  US 20100305640A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,911 Days
• Field of Search: 600/516, 600/517, 607/14, 607/17, 607/18
• US Class Current: 607/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3622 comprising two or more electrodes co-operating with different heart regions
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3624 occurring in the atrium, i.e. atrial tachycardia
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36578 controlled by mechanical motion of the heart wall, e.g. measured by an accelerometer or microphone
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3688 configured for switching the pacing mode, e.g. from AAI to DDD

Abstract

In a device and method in a dual chamber pacing system operating in an atrial synchronized mode, the cardiac stimulator is connectable to a lead arrangement arranged for sensing atrial electrical and mechanical activity. Upon detection of an atrial arrhythmia based on either of sensed atrial mechanical activity, atrial electrical activity, or a combination thereof, a mode switch from an atrial synchronized ventricle stimulating mode to a non-atrial synchronized mode is triggered.

Claims

1. A device for a dual chamber cardiac stimulator for controlling the delivery of stimulation pulses to a human heart, wherein the stimulator is connectable to a lead arrangement arranged for sensing atrial electrical activity and atrial mechanical activity, the device comprising processing circuitry configured to:

receive a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity representative of atrial mechanical contractions;

determine if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

calculate, from said second signal, the frequency of mechanical activity, and compare said calculated mechanical frequency with a threshold value for determining if atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated, compare said calculated mechanical frequency with an upper threshold value, with a lower threshold value, or both, determine that atrial tachyarrhythmia based on said mechanical activity is indicated if the calculated mechanical frequency is higher than said upper threshold value, or lower than said lower threshold value; and

effectuate a mode switch, as soon as at least said indication of atrial tachyarrhythmia based on said mechanical activity, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said processing circuitry is configured to calculate from said first signal the frequency of atrial electrical activity, and compare said calculated electrical frequency with a threshold value for determining if atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated.

3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:

detect from said first signal atrial depolarization,

detect from said second signal atrial contraction, and

determine that atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated if detected atrial depolarization is not followed by a resulting mechanical contraction.

11. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said processing circuitry is configured to:

effectuate a mode switch from said second mode to said first mode if none of said mechanical, electrical and combination of mechanical and electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia.

4. A device for a dual chamber cardiac stimulator for controlling the delivery of stimulation pulses to a human heart, wherein the stimulator is connectable to a lead arrangement arranged for sensing atrial electrical activity and atrial mechanical activity, the device comprising processing circuitry configured to:

receive a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity representative of atrial mechanical contractions;

determine if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

effectuate a mode switch, as soon as at least said indication of atrial tachyarrhythmia based on said mechanical activity, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events;

calculate from said first signal the frequency of atrial electrical activity;

calculate from said second signal the frequency of atrial mechanical activity;

calculate a quotient between said electrical frequency and said mechanical frequency;

compare said quotient to a threshold range; and

determine that atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated based on said electrical activity if the quotient falls outside said threshold range.

5. A device for a dual chamber cardiac stimulator for controlling the delivery of stimulation pulses to a human heart, wherein the stimulator is connectable to a lead arrangement arranged for sensing atrial electrical activity and atrial mechanical activity, the device comprising processing circuitry configured to:

receive a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity;

determine if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

effectuate a mode switch, as soon as either of said electrical, mechanical, or combination of electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events; and

obtain the morphology or selected indicative features of said second signal, and evaluate said morphology or selected indicative features for determining if atrial tachyarrhythmia may be indicated.

6. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said processing circuitry is configured to:

evaluate, if said morphology or selected indicative features indicates that atrial tachyarrhythmia may be indicated, said first signal for determining if atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated.

7. The device as claimed in claim 6, wherein said processing circuitry is configured to:

calculate from said first signal the frequency of atrial electrical activity, and

evaluate said first signal and determining that atrial tachyarrhythmia is present if

the frequency of atrial electrical activity exceeds a threshold value, or

the frequency of atrial electrical activity is irregular.

8. A device for a dual chamber cardiac stimulator for controlling the delivery of stimulation pulses to a human heart, wherein the stimulator is connectable to a lead arrangement arranged for sensing atrial electrical activity and atrial mechanical activity, the device comprising processing circuitry configured to:

receive a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity representative of mechanical activity, wherein said atrial mechanical activity is atrial pressure changes detected by a pressure sensor, said pressure changes being representative of atrial contraction;

determine if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia; and

effectuate a mode switch, as soon as either of said electrical, mechanical, or combination of electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events.

9. The device as claimed on claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine that atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated if the amplitude of said detected pressure changes falls below a threshold value.

10. A device for a dual chamber cardiac stimulator for controlling the delivery of stimulation pulses to a human heart, wherein the stimulator is connectable to a lead arrangement arranged for sensing atrial electrical activity and atrial mechanical activity, the device comprising processing circuitry configured to:

receive a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity, wherein said atrial mechanical activity is atrial wall movements detected by an accelerometer, said atrial wall movements being representative of atrial contraction;

determine if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia; and

effectuate a mode switch, as soon as either of said electrical, mechanical, or combination of electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events.

12. A dual chamber cardiac therapy system for delivering stimulation pulses to a human heart, comprising:

a pulse generator for generating said stimulation pulses;

control circuitry configured to receive a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity, determine if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and effectuate a mode switch, as soon as either of said electrical, mechanical, or combination of electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events; and

a cardiac lead arrangement for conducting said stimulation pulses to the heart, and for conducting electrical signals from the heart to the control circuitry, said lead arrangement comprising an implantable lead arranged for sensing atrial electrical activity and atrial mechanical activity, said cardiac lead arrangement comprising a mechanical sensor that senses said atrial mechanical activity.

13. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein said mechanical sensor is a pressure sensor arranged for positioning in or at an atrium of the heart.

14. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein said mechanical sensor is an accelerometer.

15. A method for detecting an atrial arrhythmia for activating a pacing mode switch in a dual chamber cardiac stimulator, comprising the steps of:

receiving a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity, representing atrial mechanical contractions;

determining if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

calculating from said second signal the frequency of mechanical activity;

comparing said calculated mechanical frequency with a threshold value for determining if atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated;

comparing said calculated mechanical frequency with an upper threshold value, with a lower threshold value, or both;

determining that atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated if the calculated mechanical frequency is higher than said upper threshold value, or lower than said lower threshold value; and

effectuating a mode switch, as soon as at least said indication of atrial tachyarrhythmia based on said mechanical activity, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events.

16. The method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising the steps of

calculating from said first signal the frequency of atrial electrical activity;

and

comparing said calculated electrical frequency with a threshold value for determining if atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated.

17. The method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising the steps of:

detecting from said first signal atrial depolarization;

detecting from said second signal atrial contraction; and

determining that atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated if detected atrial depolarization is not followed by a resulting mechanical contraction.

25. The method as claimed in claim 15, further comprising the step of

effectuating a mode switch from said second mode to said first mode if none of said mechanical, electrical and combination of mechanical and electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia.

18. A method for detecting an atrial arrhythmia for activating a pacing mode switch in a dual chamber cardiac stimulator, comprising the steps of:

receiving a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity, representing atrial mechanical contractions;

determining if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

calculating from said first signal the frequency of atrial electrical activity;

calculating from said second signal the frequency of atrial mechanical activity;

calculating a quotient between said electrical frequency and said mechanical frequency;

comparing said quotient to a threshold range;

determining that atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated if the quotient falls outside said threshold range; and

effectuating a mode switch, as soon as at least said indication of atrial tachyarrhythmia based on said mechanical activity, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events.

19. A method for detecting an atrial arrhythmia for activating a pacing mode switch in a dual chamber cardiac stimulator, comprising the steps of:

receiving a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity, representing atrial mechanical contractions;

determining if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

obtaining the morphology or selected indicative features of said second signal;

evaluating said morphology or selected indicative features for determining if atrial tachyarrhythmia may be indicated; and

effectuating a mode switch, as soon as at least said indication of atrial tachyarrhythmia based on said mechanical activity, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events.

20. The method as claimed in claim 19, further comprising the step of evaluating, if said morphology or selected indicative features indicates that atrial tachyarrhythmia may be indicated, said first signal for determining if atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated.

21. The method as claimed in claim 20, further comprising the steps of

calculating from said first signal the frequency of atrial electrical activity;

and

evaluating said first signal and determining that atrial tachyarrhythmia is present if

the frequency of atrial electrical activity exceeds a threshold value, or

the frequency of atrial electrical activity is irregular.

22. A method for detecting an atrial arrhythmia for activating a pacing mode switch in a dual chamber cardiac stimulator, comprising the steps of:

receiving a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity, representing atrial mechanical contractions, wherein said atrial mechanical activity is atrial pressure changes detected by a pressure sensor, said pressure changes being representative of atrial contraction;

wherein said atrial mechanical activity is atrial pressure changes detected by a pressure sensor, said pressure changes being representative of atrial contraction;

determining if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

effectuating a mode switch, as soon as at least said indication of atrial tachyarrhythmia based on said mechanical activity, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events.

23. The method as claimed in claim 22, comprising the step of determining that atrial tachyarrhythmia is indicated if the amplitude of said detected pressure changes falls below a threshold value.

24. A method for detecting an atrial arrhythmia for activating a pacing mode switch in a dual chamber cardiac stimulator, comprising the steps of:

receiving a first signal representative of atrial electrical activity, and a second signal representative of atrial mechanical activity, representing atrial mechanical contractions, wherein said atrial mechanical activity is atrial wall movements detected by an accelerometer, said atrial wall movements being representative of atrial contraction;

determining if said electrical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

if said mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia, and if a combination of said electrical and mechanical activity indicates atrial tachyarrhythmia;

effectuating a mode switch, as soon as at least said indication of atrial tachyarrhythmia based on said mechanical activity, from a first mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is synchronized to detected atrial events, to a second mode where delivery of ventricular stimulation pulses is unsynchronized to detected atrial events.