Machine and procedure for extracorporeal treatment of blood
First Claim
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1. A machine for extracorporeal blood treatment, comprising:
- a device for ultrafiltration of a liquid through a semipermeable membrane of a blood treatment device;
a controller configured to perform the following operations;
changing a transmembrane pressure across the semipermeable membrane of the blood treatment device;
detecting a plurality of values of an ultrafiltration flow rate through said membrane on changing said transmembrane pressure; and
evaluating an optimal value of said ultrafiltration flow rate from a comparison of said plurality of values, the optimal value comprising at least one of equal to, and proximal to a maximum value of ultrafiltration flow rate through said membrane as a function of said transmembrane pressure.
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Abstract
A machine (1) for extracorporeal blood treatment comprises a device (2) for ultrafiltration of a liquid through a semi-permeable membrane (3) of a blood treatment device (4), a first sensor (11) for ultrafiltration rate through the membrane, a second group of sensors (13) for measuring a trans-membrane pressure, and a programmed controller (14) for calculating a maximum ultrafiltration rate as a function of the transmembrane pressure. The machine is suitable for kidney failure treatments, such as hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration. In a relatively short time the machine enables a large quantity of corporeal blood to be removed from the patient.
78 Citations
56 Claims
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1. A machine for extracorporeal blood treatment, comprising:
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a device for ultrafiltration of a liquid through a semipermeable membrane of a blood treatment device; a controller configured to perform the following operations; changing a transmembrane pressure across the semipermeable membrane of the blood treatment device; detecting a plurality of values of an ultrafiltration flow rate through said membrane on changing said transmembrane pressure; and evaluating an optimal value of said ultrafiltration flow rate from a comparison of said plurality of values, the optimal value comprising at least one of equal to, and proximal to a maximum value of ultrafiltration flow rate through said membrane as a function of said transmembrane pressure. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A machine for extracorporeal treatment of blood, comprising:
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a blood treatment device having a blood chamber and a fluid chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane; at least a first actuator configured for ultrafiltration of a liquid through the semipermeable membrane of the blood treatment device; at least a second actuator configured for supplying a flow of liquid to the blood chamber of said blood treatment device; at least one sensor configured for measuring an ultrafiltration flow rate through said semipermeable membrane; a controller configured for performing the following operations; i. changing a first operating parameter of said first actuator; ii. detecting two or more ultrafiltration flow rate values on changing of said first operating parameter; iii. comparing said ultrafiltration flow rate values in order to evaluate a first optimal value of said ultrafiltration flow rate which is at least one of equal to, and proximal to a first maximum of the ultrafiltration flow rate on changing of said first operating parameter. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A machine for extracorporeal blood treatment, comprising:
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an actuator configured for ultrafiltration of a liquid through a semipermeable membrane of a blood treatment device; at least a first sensor configured for sensing an ultrafiltration flow rate through said membrane; at least a second sensor configured for sensing a transmembrane pressure of said semipermeable membrane; a controller configured for performing the following operations; determining at least one value of an ultrafiltration flow rate and at least one value of a transmembrane pressure in a first operating situation of said actuator; commanding said actuator to change into a second operating situation which is different from the first operating situation thereof; determining at least one value of an ultrafiltration flow rate and at least one value of a transmembrane pressure in said second operating situation; checking whether said values related to two different operating situations satisfy a predetermined relation with a reference value; generating a signal in consequence of said check; depending upon the outcome of said check repeating or not the above-described operations; and finding a maximum or nearly-maximum value for the ultrafiltration flow rate as a function of the transmembrane pressure. - View Dependent Claims (34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. A control procedure of an ultrafiltration device for ultrafiltration of a liquid through a semipermeable membrane of a blood treatment device, the procedure comprising the phases of:
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changing a transmembrane pressure across the semipermeable membrane of the blood treatment device; detecting a plurality of values of an ultrafiltration flow rate through said membrane on changing said transmembrane pressure; comparing said detected values; evaluating an optimal value of said ultrafiltration flow rate from said comparison of said detected values; setting said ultrafiltration device at an optimal operating situation selected on the basis of the optimal value evaluated from said comparison of said detected values. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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49. A control procedure of an ultrafiltration device for ultrafiltation of a liquid through a semipermeable membrane of a blood treatment device, comprising phases of:
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changing an operating condition of said ultrafiltration device; determining at least one change of transmembrane pressure across the semipermeable membrane by effect of said change in the operating situation; determining at least one change of ultrafiltration flow rate through said semipermeable membrane by effect of said change in the operating situation; checking whether said changes of said transmembrane pressure and ultrafiltration flow rate are in agreement with a predetermined relation with a reference value, and finding a maximum or nearly-maximum value for the ultrafiltration flow rate as a function of the transmembrane pressure. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56)
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Specification