Communication system for dynamically combining power from a plurality of propagation channels in order to improve power levels of transmitted signals without affecting receiver and propagation segments

• US 8,111,646 B1
• Filed: 07/30/2009
• Issued: 02/07/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Spatial Digital Systems Inc
• Original Assignee: Spatial Digital Systems Inc
• Inventors: Chang, Donald C. D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Vu, Huy
• Assistant Examiner(s): Renner, Brandon
• Application Number:
  US12/462,145
• Time in Patent Office: 922 Days
• Field of Search: 370/316, 370/318, 375/229, 375/232, 375/295
• US Class Current: 370/316
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0413 MIMO systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18515 Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18517 Transmission equipment in earth stations
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18523 Satellite systems for providing broadcast service to terrestrial stations, i.e. broadcast satellite service arrangements specially adapted for satellite broadcast receiving H04H40/90; picture transmission via satellite H04N1/00103; television transmission via satellite H04N7/20
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2041 Spot beam multiple access
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/00 Optical multiplex systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/005 Optical Code Multiplex
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/08 Time-division multiplex systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03006 Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference

Abstract

The present invention relates to a communication system and method that allows a transmitter segment (ground end of uplink segment) to dynamically combine power from plurality of propagation channels (transponders) in order to improve power levels of signals being transmitted, without affecting the receiver segment (user end of downlink segment) and the propagation segment (space segment), and without modifying the configuration of the propagation apparatus (satellite). Specifically, the transmitter segment generates mixtures of input signals by using Wavefront-Multiplexing and transmits the wavefront-multiplexed (WFM) signals through propagation channels to a receiver segment that coherently separates the mixtures of received WFM signals by using adaptive equalization and Wavefront-De-Multiplexing. The WFM signal mixtures allow an operator, or automated system, at the transmitter segment to dynamically allocate equivalent channel (transponder) powers according to continuously changing market demands by dynamically including change of relative input powers into ratios of the WFM signal mixtures being transmitted.

Claims

1. A dynamic communication system suitable for dynamically combining power from a plurality of propagation channels in order to improve power levels of transmitted signals, wherein dynamic power allocation is implemented through a transmitter segment without affecting a receiver segment and a propagation segment, the system comprising a processor, an input coupled with the processor for receiving signals to be transmitted, and a memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory includes instruction means that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to perform operations of:

inputting a plurality of signals to be transmitted;

transforming the input signals by performing a Wavefront-Multiplexing transform (WFM transform);

transmitting the wavefront multiplexed signals (WFM signals) over a transmission medium through propagation channels, wherein there exist at least as many propagation channels as there exist WFM signals and each WFM signal is transmitted over its own propagation channel;

receiving the transmitted WFM signals from the propagation channels;

performing adaptive equalization on received WFM signals in order to account for propagation channel effects, wherein the propagation channel effects comprise dynamic differential propagation effects due to the transmission medium and static differential propagation effects comprising unbalanced amplitudes, unbalanced phases, and unbalanced time-delays between the received WFM signals and the WFM signals outputted by the WFM transform;

separating equalized WFM signals into individual spatial-domain signals by performing a Wavefront-De-Multiplexing transform (WFDM transform); and

outputting the individual spatial-domain signals.

2. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the input signals are received at a ground end of an uplink segment and the input signals comprise digital signals, analog signals, mixed analog and digital signals, and a plurality of digital signal streams to be transmitted to a satellite with a number of transponders operating at a plurality of frequencies, wherein there exists at least as many transponders in the satellite as there exist received digital signal streams, the system further comprising the operations of:

transforming, at the uplink segment, the WFM signals to a satellite frequency band, prior to transmitting the WFM signals to a satellite segment;

uploading, at the uplink segment, transformed WFM signals to the satellite segment;

transmitting through the satellite transponders, at the satellite segment, the transformed WFM signals to a downlink segment;

downloading, at the downlink segment, the transformed WFM signals transmitted from the satellite segment;

processing, at a user end of the downlink segment, the downloaded transformed WFM signals to a base-band frequency resulting in base-band frequency WFM signals, wherein the adaptive equalization is performed on the base-band frequency WFM signals in order to account for propagation channel effects from channels on the transponders of a satellite;

recovering the individual spatial-domain digital signal streams received from the transmitting subsystem by amplifying, filtering, synchronizing, and demodulating the individual spatial-domain signals from the WFDM; and

outputting the recovered input digital signal streams.

3. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 2, wherein in the operation of separating equalized WFM signals, the WFDM transform equals the unique inverse transform of the WFM transform, whereby the WFDM transform separates the WFM signals into individual spatial-domain signals;

and wherein in the operation of transforming input signals by WFM, the transformed WFM signals are uploaded from a ground end of the uplink segment to a satellite via an uplink ground antenna and the WFM transform comprises a number of input ports and a number of output ports, where the number of input ports equals the number of output ports and where the number of output ports equals the number of transponders, and wherein the WFM transform further comprises the operations of;

inputting digital signal streams to the WFM input ports, wherein an individual WFM input port is connected to only one corresponding input digital signal stream;

inputting, at the ground end of uplink segment when there are more transponders than there are input digital signal streams, a control signal into WFM input ports not connected to digital signal streams;

inputting, at the ground end of uplink segment when the number of transponders equals the number of digital signal streams, a control signal into a WFM input port connected to a digital signal stream by time-multiplexing the WFM input port between the control signal and the digital signal stream;

performing an orthogonal functional transformation from a spatial-domain representation of the inputted digital signal streams to a wavefront-domain representation of the inputted digital signal streams, wherein a necessary and sufficient condition of the WFM transform is that the WFM transform has a realizable unique inverse, and wherein the wavefront representation of the received digital signal streams comprises a plurality of output WFM signals, wherein each output WFM signal is comprised of a unique linear combination of all the received spatial-domain digital signal streams inputted into the WFM transform, and wherein the output WFM signals are orthogonal to one another; and

outputting the WFM signals to the WFM output ports.

4. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 3, wherein the dynamic satellite communication system is a one-way communication system selected from a group consisting of:

a direct broadcast service (DBS), a fixed satellite service (FSS), a mobile satellite service (MSS), a ground uplink station broadcasting to a ground downlink station, a ground uplink station broadcasting to a user end of downlink segment or to a network hub, a user end of uplink segment transmitting to a user end of downlink segment, a user end of uplink segment transmitting to a network hub or to a ground downlink station, a network hub transmitting to a ground station, and a network hub transmitting to another network hub.

5. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 4, wherein in performing adaptive equalization, a WFM input port connected to a control signal has a corresponding WFDM controlled output port at the user end of downlink segment, wherein the WFDM controlled output ports are used as diagnostic ports, and wherein a cost function is used to measure a difference between controlled input ports and their corresponding diagnostic ports, whereby the cost function is minimal when adaptive equalization is reached, and wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization further utilizes a gradient cost function, an optimization processor, and an amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation processor, and wherein adaptive equalization is performed by operations of:

measuring the gradient cost function outputted from the WFDM;

performing optimization processing on the measured gradient cost function by using a steepest descent technique to reach an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution corresponds to dynamically eliminating unbalanced amplitudes, unbalanced phases, and unbalanced time-delays between the output WFM signals from the WFM transform and the base-band frequency WFM signals at the user end of the downlink segment, and wherein the optimization processor sends equalization control signals to the amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation processor;

performing amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation by adjusting the amplitude, phase, and time-delay of the received down-converted WFM signals in accordance to the equalization control signals from the optimization processor in order to reduce the cost function;

separating WFM signals from the adaptive equalization operation into individual spatial-domain signals and control signals by performing a WFDM transform; and

iterating, at the user end of downlink segment, between the operations of measuring the gradient cost function, performing optimization processing, performing amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation, and separating the WFM signals from the adaptive equalization operation, until an optimal solution is reached and the cost function is minimal.

6. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 5, wherein an operator, at the ground end of uplink segment or at a program aggregation facility for a DBS service, dynamically allocates equivalent transponder powers according to continuously changing market demands by dynamically including change of relative input powers into ratios of mixtures of the input digital signal streams, in order to improve radiated power of the input digital signal streams being broadcasted, whereby the dynamic power allocation is implemented through the ground end of uplink segment without affecting the user end of downlink segment and the space segment, and without modifying satellite configuration.

7. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 6, wherein a plurality of digital signal streams from a transmitting subsystem are transmitted to multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots, wherein the WFM signals are transmitted through a transponder in each satellite, and wherein there exists at least as many transponders available for transmission as there exist received digital signal streams to be transmitted, and wherein the WFM signals are uploaded to designated satellites via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a combination of multiple beam antenna with multiple antennas at the ground end of uplink segment, and wherein the multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots are accessed by the user end of downlink segment via a multiple beam antenna.

8. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 6, wherein a plurality of input digital signal streams from a transmitting subsystem are transmitted to a plurality of satellite configurations comprised of a satellite, with a number of transponders operating at different frequencies, combined with multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots, wherein the WFM signals are transmitted through a transponder in each satellite, and wherein the WFM signals are uploaded to the multiple satellites via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a multiple beam antenna combined with multiple antennas at the ground end of uplink segment, and wherein the multiple designated satellites are accessed by a user end of downlink segment via a multiple beam antenna.

9. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 8, wherein the equalized amplitudes, equalized phases, and equalized time-delays in the equalized WFM signals are combined with associated optimization techniques to perform back channel calibration on mobile satellite communications with ground based beam forming features (GBBF).

10. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 9, wherein the unique inverse of the WFM transform is equal to the WFM transform and the WFDM transform equals the WFM transform, and wherein the WFM transform is implemented at digital base band in digital format or by analog devices, wherein the analog devices are selected from a group consisting of a Butler Matrix, a Fourier transform pair, and a Hartley transform pair.

11. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 10, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization utilizes a cost function selected from a group consisting of a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error, and wherein the control signals comprise ground (zero value) signals and the gradient cost function corresponds to a sum of detected power levels at the diagnostic ports of the WFDM, whereby when adaptive equalization is reached the gradient cost function is zero and there are no detectable power levels in the diagnostic ports.

12. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 5, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization utilizes a cost function selected from a group consisting of a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error.

13. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 12, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization utilizes control signals comprising ground (zero value) signals, the cost function comprising a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, and the gradient cost function comprising a sum of detected power levels at the diagnostic ports of the WFDM, whereby when adaptive equalization is reached the gradient cost function is zero and there are no detectable power levels in the diagnostic ports.

14. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 5, wherein the equalized amplitudes, equalized phases, and equalized time-delays in the equalized WFM signals are combined with associated optimization techniques to perform back channel calibration on mobile satellite communications with ground based beam forming features (GBBF).

15. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 4, wherein the WFM transform is implemented at digital base band in digital format or by analog devices, wherein the analog devices are selected from a group consisting of a Butler Matrix, a Fourier transform pair, and a Hartley transform pair.

16. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 15, wherein the unique inverse of the WFM transform is equal to the WFM transform, and wherein the WFDM transform equals the WFM transform.

17. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 3, wherein the dynamic satellite communication system is a two-way communication system further comprising a user end uplink segment and a ground end downlink segment, wherein the user end uplink segment transmits a plurality of digital signal streams to the ground end downlink segment via a satellite, with a number of transponders operating at a plurality of frequencies, by performing the operations of:

transforming, at the user end uplink segment, digital signal streams by performing a WFM transform;

frequency up-converting the output WFM signals to distinct frequency carriers within frequency bands for satellite communications;

amplifying frequency up-converted WFM signals and frequency multiplexing (FDM) the amplified WFM signals by utilizing a standard multiplexer (MUX) at the satellite frequency band;

uploading WFM signals at the satellite frequency band to the satellite via an uplink user antenna;

receiving and frequency translating the carrier frequencies of the WFM signals in the satellite segment;

amplifying and transmitting the frequency translated WFM signals through the satellite transponders to the ground end of downlink segment, whereby all designated transponders in the satellite are being utilized to transmit translated WFM signals;

receiving and amplifying, at the ground end of downlink segment, the frequency translated WFM signals from the transponders;

frequency down-converting the amplified frequency translated WFM signals to a common IF or base-band frequency;

performing adaptive equalization on down-converted WFM signals at the ground end of downlink segment; and

separating equalized WFM signals into individual spatial-domain signals by performing a WFDM transform;

recovering the individual spatial-domain digital signal streams transmitted by the user end of uplink segment by amplifying, filtering, synchronizing, and demodulating the individual spatial-domain signals from the WFDM.

18. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 17, wherein the two-way satellite communication system comprises fixed satellite services (FSS) and mobile satellite services (MSS), selected from a group consisting of:

a ground uplink station communicating with a receiving ground station, a user end segment communicating with another user end segment, a user end segment communicating with a network hub or a ground station, a network hub communicating with a ground station, and a network hub communicating with another network hub.

19. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 18, wherein in performing adaptive equalization at the downlink segments, a WFM input port connected to a control signal, at the uplink segment, has a corresponding WFDM controlled output port at the downlink segments, wherein the WFDM controlled output ports are used as diagnostic ports, and wherein a cost function is used to measure a difference between controlled input ports and their corresponding diagnostic ports, whereby the cost function is minimal when adaptive equalization is reached, and wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization further utilizes a gradient cost function, an optimization processor, and an amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation processor, and wherein adaptive equalization is performed by operations of:

measuring the gradient cost function outputted from the WFDM at the downlink segments;

performing optimization processing on the measured gradient cost function by using a steepest descent technique to reach an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution corresponds to dynamically eliminating unbalanced amplitudes, unbalanced phases, and unbalanced time-delays between the output WFM signals from the WFM transform and the base-band frequency WFM signals at the ground end and user end of the downlink segments, and wherein the optimization processor sends equalization control signals to the amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation processor;

performing amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation by adjusting the amplitude, phase, and time-delay of the received down-converted WFM signals in accordance to the equalization control signals from the optimization processor in order to reduce the cost function;

separating WFM signals from the adaptive equalization operation into individual spatial-domain signals and control signals by performing a WFDM transform; and

iterating, at the downlink segments, between the operations of measuring the gradient cost function, performing optimization processing, performing amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation, and separating the WFM signals from the adaptive equalization operation, until an optimal solution is reached and the cost function is minimal.

20. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 19, wherein an operator, at the ground end of uplink segment or at the user end of uplink segment, dynamically allocates equivalent transponder powers according to continuously changing market demands by dynamically including change of relative input powers into ratios of mixtures of the input digital signal streams, in order to improve radiated power of the input digital signal streams being transmitted, whereby the dynamic power allocation is implemented through the uplink segment without affecting the downlink segment and the space segment, and without modifying satellite configuration.

21. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 20, wherein a plurality of digital signal streams from an uplink segment are transmitted to multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots, wherein the WFM signals are transmitted through a transponder in each satellite, and wherein there exists at least as many transponders available for transmission as there exist received digital signal streams to be transmitted, and wherein the WFM signals are uploaded, at the uplink segments, to designated satellites via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a combination of multiple beam antenna with multiple antennas, and wherein the multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots are accessed by the downlink segments via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a combination of multiple beam antenna with multiple antennas.

22. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 20, wherein a plurality of digital signal streams from the uplink segments are transmitted to a plurality of satellite configurations comprised of a satellite, with a number of transponders operating at different frequencies, combined with multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots, wherein the WFM signals are transmitted through a transponder in each satellite, and wherein the WFM signals are uploaded to the multiple satellites via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a multiple beam antenna combined with multiple antennas at the uplink segment, and wherein the multiple designated satellites are accessed by the downlink segments via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a combination of multiple beam antenna with multiple antennas.

23. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 22, wherein the equalized amplitudes, equalized phases, and equalized time-delays in the equalized WFM signals are combined with associated optimization techniques to perform back channel calibration on mobile satellite communications with ground based beam forming features (GBBF).

24. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 23, wherein the unique inverse of the WFM transform is equal to the WFM transform and the WFDM transform equals the WFM transform, and wherein the WFM transform is implemented at digital base band in digital format or by analog devices, wherein the analog devices are selected from a group consisting of a Butler Matrix, a Fourier transform pair, and a Hartley transform pair.

25. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 24, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization, at the downlink segments, utilizes a cost function selected from a group consisting of a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error, and the control signals comprise ground (zero value) signals and the gradient cost function corresponds to a sum of detected power levels at the diagnostic ports of the WFDM, whereby when adaptive equalization is reached the gradient cost function is zero and there are no detectable power levels in the diagnostic ports.

26. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 19, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization, at the downlink segment, utilizes a cost function selected from a group consisting of a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error.

27. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 26, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization utilizes control signals comprising ground (zero value) signals, the cost function comprising a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, and the gradient cost function comprising a sum of detected power levels at the diagnostic ports of the WFDM, whereby when adaptive equalization is reached the gradient cost function is zero and there are no detectable power levels in the diagnostic ports.

28. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 19, wherein the equalized amplitudes, equalized phases, and equalized time-delays in the equalized WFM signals are combined with associated optimization techniques to perform back channel calibration on mobile satellite communications with ground based beam forming features (GBBF).

29. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 17, wherein the WFM transform is implemented at digital base band in digital format or by analog devices, wherein the analog devices are selected from a group consisting of:

a Butler Matrix, a Fourier transform pair, and a Hartley transform pair.

30. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 29, wherein the unique inverse of the WFM transform is equal to the WFM transform, and wherein the WFDM transform equals the WFM transform.

31. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the dynamic communication system is selected from a group consisting of:

a wireless communication system, a fiber optical communication system, a wire communication system, a radio frequency communication system, a satellite communication system, a sonar communication system, a radar communication system, a laser communication system, an internet communication system, a communication system between a vehicle and a satellite, a communication system between a least two vehicles, an internal vehicle communication system between the various operating subsystems within a vehicle, and a communication system resulting from a combination of at least two of the communication systems therein.

32. A dynamic communication system as set forth in claim 31, wherein the memory further includes instruction means that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to allow an operator or an automated transmission system, at a transmitter segment, to perform an operation of dynamically allocating equivalent propagation channel powers according to continuously changing application demands by dynamically including change of relative input powers into ratios of mixtures of the input signals, in order to improve radiated power of the input signals being transmitted, whereby the dynamic power allocation is implemented through the transmitter segment without affecting the receiver segment and the propagation segment, and without modifying configuration of propagation apparatus and propagation channels in the propagation segment.

33. A computer implemented method for dynamic communications suitable for dynamically combining power from a plurality of propagation channels in order to improve power levels of transmitted signals, wherein dynamic power allocation is implemented through a transmitter segment without affecting receiver segment and propagation segment, the method comprising an act of causing a processor to perform operations of:

inputting a plurality of signals to be transmitted;

transforming the input signals by performing a Wavefront-Multiplexing transform (WFM transform);

transmitting the wavefront multiplexed signals (WFM signals) over a transmission medium through propagation channels, wherein there exist at least as many propagation channels as there exist WFM signals and each WFM signal is transmitted over its own propagation channel;

receiving the transmitted WFM signals from the propagation channels;

performing adaptive equalization on received WFM signals in order to account for propagation channel effects, wherein the propagation channel effects comprise dynamic differential propagation effects due to the transmission medium, and static difference of unbalanced amplitudes, unbalanced phases, and unbalanced time-delays between the received WFM signals and the WFM signals outputted by the WFM transform;

separating equalized WFM signals into individual spatial-domain signals by performing a Wavefront-De-Multiplexing transform (WFDM transform); and

outputting the individual spatial-domain signals.

34. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 33, wherein the input signals are received at a ground end of an uplink segment and the input signals comprise digital signals, analog signals, mixed analog and digital signals, and a plurality of digital signal streams to be transmitted to a satellite with a number of transponders operating at a plurality of frequencies, wherein there exists at least as many transponders in the satellite as there exist received digital signal streams, and wherein the processor further performs operations of:

transforming, at the uplink segment, the WFM signals to a satellite frequency band, prior to transmitting the WFM signals to a satellite segment;

uploading, at the uplink segment, transformed WFM signals to the satellite segment;

transmitting through the satellite transponders, at the satellite segment, the transformed WFM signals to a downlink segment;

downloading, at the downlink segment, the transformed WFM signals transmitted from the satellite segment;

processing, at a user end of the downlink segment, the downloaded transformed WFM signals to a base-band frequency resulting in base-band frequency WFM signals, wherein the adaptive equalization is performed on the base-band frequency WFM signals in order to account for propagation channel effects from channels on the transponders of a satellite;

recovering the individual spatial-domain digital signal streams received from the transmitting subsystem by amplifying, filtering, synchronizing, and demodulating the individual spatial-domain signals from the WFDM; and

outputting the recovered input digital signal streams.

35. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 34, wherein in the operation of separating equalized WFM signals, the WFDM transform equals the unique inverse transform of the WFM transform, whereby the WFDM transform separates the WFM signals into individual spatial-domain signals;

and wherein in the operation of transforming received digital signal streams by WFM, the transformed WFM signals are uploaded from a ground end of the uplink segment to a satellite via an uplink ground antenna and the WFM transform comprises a number of input ports and a number of output ports, where the number of input ports equals the number of output ports and where the number of output ports equals the number of transponders, and wherein the WFM transform further comprises the operations of;

inputting digital signal streams to the WFM input ports, wherein an individual WFM input port is connected to only one corresponding input digital signal stream;

inputting, at the ground end of uplink segment when there are more transponders than there are input digital signal streams, a control signal into WFM input ports not connected to digital signal streams;

inputting, at the ground end of uplink segment when the number of transponders equals the number of digital signal streams, a control signal into a WFM input port connected to a digital signal stream by time-multiplexing the WFM input port between the control signal and the digital signal stream;

performing an orthogonal functional transformation from a spatial-domain representation of the inputted digital signal streams to a wavefront-domain representation of the inputted digital signal streams, wherein a necessary and sufficient condition of the WFM transform is that the WFM transform has a realizable unique inverse, and wherein the wavefront representation of the received digital signal streams comprises a plurality of output WFM signals, wherein each output WFM signal is comprised of a unique linear combination of all the received spatial-domain digital signal streams inputted into the WFM transform, and wherein the output WFM signals are orthogonal to one another; and

outputting the WFM signals to the WFM output ports.

36. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 35, wherein the dynamic satellite communication method is a one-way communication method used with A dynamic communication system selected from a group consisting of:

a direct broadcast service (DBS), a fixed satellite service (FSS), a mobile satellite service (MSS), a ground uplink station broadcasting to a ground downlink station, a ground uplink station broadcasting to a user end of downlink segment or to a network hub, a user end of uplink segment transmitting to a user end of downlink segment, a user end of uplink segment transmitting to a network hub or to a ground downlink station, a network hub transmitting to a ground station, and a network hub transmitting to another network hub.

37. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 36, wherein in performing adaptive equalization, a WFM input port connected to a control signal has a corresponding WFDM controlled output port at the user end of downlink segment, wherein the WFDM controlled output ports are used as diagnostic ports, and wherein a cost function is used to measure a difference between controlled input ports and their corresponding diagnostic ports, whereby the cost function is minimal when adaptive equalization is reached, and wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization further utilizes a gradient cost function, an optimization processor, and an amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation processor, and wherein adaptive equalization is performed by operations of:

measuring the gradient cost function outputted from the WFDM;

performing optimization processing on the measured gradient cost function by using a steepest descent technique to reach an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution corresponds to dynamically eliminating unbalanced amplitudes, unbalanced phases, and unbalanced time-delays between the output WFM signals from the WFM transform and the base-band frequency WFM signals at the user end of the downlink segment, and wherein the optimization processor sends equalization control signals to the amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation processor;

performing amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation by adjusting the amplitude, phase, and time-delay of the received down-converted WFM signals in accordance to the equalization control signals from the optimization processor in order to reduce the cost function;

separating WFM signals from the adaptive equalization operation into individual spatial-domain signals and control signals by performing a WFDM transform; and

iterating, at the user end of downlink segment, between the operations of measuring the gradient cost function, performing optimization processing, performing amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation, and separating the WFM signals from the adaptive equalization operation, until an optimal solution is reached and the cost function is minimal.

38. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 37, wherein an operator, at the ground end of uplink segment or at a program aggregation facility for a DBS service, dynamically allocates equivalent transponder powers according to continuously changing market demands by dynamically including change of relative input powers into ratios of mixtures of the input digital signal streams, in order to improve radiated power of the input digital signal streams being broadcasted, whereby the dynamic power allocation is implemented through the ground end of uplink segment without affecting the user end of downlink segment and the space segment, and without modifying satellite configuration.

39. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 38, wherein a plurality of digital signal streams from a transmitting subsystem are transmitted to multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots, wherein the WFM signals are transmitted through a transponder in each satellite, and wherein there exists at least as many transponders available for transmission as there exist received digital signal streams to be transmitted, and wherein the WFM signals are uploaded to designated satellites via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a combination of multiple beam antenna with multiple antennas at the ground end of uplink segment, and wherein the multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots are accessed by the user end of downlink segment via a multiple beam antenna.

40. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 38, wherein a plurality of input digital signal streams from a transmitting subsystem are transmitted to a plurality of satellite configurations comprised of a satellite, with a number of transponders operating at different frequencies, combined with multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots, wherein the WFM signals are transmitted through a transponder in each satellite, and wherein the WFM signals are uploaded to the multiple satellites via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a multiple beam antenna combined with multiple antennas at the ground end of uplink segment, and wherein the multiple designated satellites are accessed by a user end of downlink segment via a multiple beam antenna.

41. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 40, wherein the equalized amplitudes, equalized phases, and equalized time-delays in the equalized WFM signals are combined with associated optimization techniques to perform back channel calibration on mobile satellite communications with ground based beam forming features (GBBF).

42. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 41, wherein the unique inverse of the WFM transform is equal to the WFM transform and the WFDM transform equals the WFM transform, and wherein the WFM transform is implemented at digital base band in digital format or by analog devices, wherein the analog devices are selected from a group consisting of a Butler Matrix, a Fourier transform pair, and a Hartley transform pair.

43. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 42, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization utilizes a cost function selected from a group consisting of a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error, and wherein the control signals comprise ground (zero value) signals and the gradient cost function corresponds to a sum of detected power levels at the diagnostic ports of the WFDM, whereby when adaptive equalization is reached the gradient cost function is zero and there are no detectable power levels in the diagnostic ports.

44. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 37, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization utilizes a cost function selected from a group consisting of a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error.

45. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 44, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization utilizes control signals comprising ground (zero value) signals, the cost function comprising a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, and the gradient cost function comprising a sum of detected power levels at the diagnostic ports of the WFDM, whereby when adaptive equalization is reached the gradient cost function is zero and there are no detectable power levels in the diagnostic ports.

46. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 37, wherein the equalized amplitudes, equalized phases, and equalized time-delays in the equalized WFM signals are combined with associated optimization techniques to perform back channel calibration on mobile satellite communications with ground based beam forming features (GBBF).

47. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 36, wherein the WFM transform is implemented at digital base band in digital format or by analog devices, wherein the analog devices are selected from a group consisting of a Butler Matrix, a Fourier transform pair, and a Hartley transform pair.

48. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 47, wherein the unique inverse of the WFM transform is equal to the WFM transform, and wherein the WFDM transform equals the WFM transform.

49. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 35, wherein the dynamic satellite communication method is a two-way communication method further comprising a user end uplink segment and a ground end downlink segment, wherein the two-way communication method allows the user end uplink segment to transmit a plurality of digital signal streams to the ground end downlink segment via a satellite, with a number of transponders operating at a plurality of frequencies, by further performing the operations of:

transforming, at the user end uplink segment, digital signal streams by performing a WFM transform;

frequency up-converting the output WFM signals to distinct frequency carriers within frequency bands for satellite communications;

amplifying frequency up-converted WFM signals and frequency multiplexing (FDM) the amplified WFM signals by utilizing a standard multiplexer (MUX) at the satellite frequency band;

uploading WFM signals at the satellite frequency band to the satellite via an uplink user antenna;

receiving and frequency translating the carrier frequencies of the WFM signals in the satellite segment;

amplifying and transmitting the frequency translated WFM signals through the satellite transponders to the ground end of downlink segment, whereby all designated transponders in the satellite are being utilized to transmit translated WFM signals;

receiving and amplifying, at the ground end of downlink segment, the frequency translated WFM signals from the transponders;

frequency down-converting the amplified frequency translated WFM signals to a common IF or base-band frequency;

performing adaptive equalization on down-converted WFM signals at the ground end of downlink segment; and

separating equalized WFM signals into individual spatial-domain signals by performing a WFDM transform;

recovering the individual spatial-domain digital signal streams transmitted by the user end of uplink segment by amplifying, filtering, synchronizing, and demodulating the individual spatial-domain signals from the WFDM.

50. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 49, wherein the two-way satellite communication method is used with a dynamic communication system comprised of fixed satellite services (FSS) and mobile satellite services (MSS), wherein the dynamic satellite communication system is selected from a group consisting of:

a ground uplink station communicating with a receiving ground station, a user end segment communicating with another user end segment, a user end segment communicating with a network hub or a ground station, a network hub communicating with a ground station, and a network hub communicating with another network hub.

51. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 50, wherein in performing adaptive equalization at the downlink segments, a WFM input port connected to a control signal, at the uplink segment, has a corresponding WFDM controlled output port at the downlink segments, wherein the WFDM controlled output ports are used as diagnostic ports, and wherein a cost function is used to measure a difference between controlled input ports and their corresponding diagnostic ports, whereby the cost function is minimal when adaptive equalization is reached, and wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization further utilizes a gradient cost function, an optimization processor, and an amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation processor, and wherein adaptive equalization is performed by operations of:

measuring the gradient cost function outputted from the WFDM at the downlink segments;

performing optimization processing on the measured gradient cost function by using a steepest descent technique to reach an optimal solution, wherein the optimal solution corresponds to dynamically eliminating unbalanced amplitudes, unbalanced phases, and unbalanced time-delays between the output WFM signals from the WFM transform and the base-band frequency WFM signals at the ground end and user end of the downlink segments, and wherein the optimization processor sends equalization control signals to the amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation processor;

performing amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation by adjusting the amplitude, phase, and time-delay of the received down-converted WFM signals in accordance to the equalization control signals from the optimization processor in order to reduce the cost function;

separating WFM signals from the adaptive equalization operation into individual spatial-domain signals and control signals by performing a WFDM transform; and

iterating, at the downlink segments, between the operations of measuring the gradient cost function, performing optimization processing, performing amplitude, phase, and time-delay compensation, and separating the WFM signals from the adaptive equalization operation, until an optimal solution is reached and the cost function is minimal.

52. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 51, wherein an operator, at the ground end of uplink segment or at the user end of uplink segment, dynamically allocates equivalent transponder powers according to continuously changing market demands by dynamically including change of relative input powers into ratios of mixtures of the input digital signal streams, in order to improve radiated power of the input digital signal streams being transmitted, whereby the dynamic power allocation is implemented through the uplink segment without affecting the downlink segment and the space segment, and without modifying satellite configuration.

53. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 52, wherein a plurality of digital signal streams from an uplink segment are transmitted to multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots, wherein the WFM signals are transmitted through a transponder in each satellite, and wherein there exists at least as many transponders available for transmission as there exist received digital signal streams to be transmitted, and wherein the WFM signals are uploaded, at the uplink segments, to designated satellites via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a combination of multiple beam antenna with multiple antennas, and wherein the multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots are accessed by the downlink segments via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a combination of multiple beam antenna with multiple antennas.

54. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 52, wherein a plurality of digital signal streams from the uplink segments are transmitted to a plurality of satellite configurations comprised of a satellite, with a number of transponders operating at different frequencies, combined with multiple designated satellites at various orbital slots, wherein the WFM signals are transmitted through a transponder in each satellite, and wherein the WFM signals are uploaded to the multiple satellites via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a multiple beam antenna combined with multiple antennas at the uplink segment, and wherein the multiple designated satellites are accessed by the downlink segments via a multiple beam antenna, multiple antennas, or a combination of multiple beam antenna with multiple antennas.

55. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 54, wherein the equalized amplitudes, equalized phases, and equalized time-delays in the equalized WFM signals are combined with associated optimization techniques to perform back channel calibration on mobile satellite communications with ground based beam forming features (GBBF).

56. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 55, wherein the unique inverse of the WFM transform is equal to the WFM transform and the WFDM transform equals the WFM transform, and wherein the WFM transform is implemented at digital base band in digital format or by analog devices, wherein the analog devices are selected from a group consisting of a Butler Matrix, a Fourier transform pair, and a Hartley transform pair.

57. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 56, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization, at the downlink segments, utilizes a cost function selected from a group consisting of a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error, and the control signals comprise ground (zero value) signals and the gradient cost function corresponds to a sum of detected power levels at the diagnostic ports of the WFDM, whereby when adaptive equalization is reached the gradient cost function is zero and there are no detectable power levels in the diagnostic ports.

58. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 51, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization, at the downlink segment, utilizes a cost function selected from a group consisting of a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error.

59. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 58, wherein the operation of performing adaptive equalization utilizes control signals comprising ground (zero value) signals, the cost function comprising a difference between a controlled input port and its corresponding diagnostic port, and the gradient cost function comprising a sum of detected power levels at the diagnostic ports of the WFDM, whereby when adaptive equalization is reached the gradient cost function is zero and there are no detectable power levels in the diagnostic ports.

60. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 51, wherein the equalized amplitudes, equalized phases, and equalized time-delays in the equalized WFM signals are combined with associated optimization techniques to perform back channel calibration on mobile satellite communications with ground based beam forming features (GBBF).

61. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 49, wherein the WFM transform is implemented at digital base band in digital format or by analog devices, wherein the analog devices are selected from a group consisting of:

a Butler Matrix, a Fourier transform pair, and a Hartley transform pair.

62. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 61, wherein the unique inverse of the WFM transform is equal to the WFM transform, and wherein the WFDM transform equals the WFM transform.

63. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 33, wherein the method for dynamic communications is utilized with a dynamic communication system selected from a group consisting of:

a wireless communication system, a fiber optical communication system, a wire communication system, a radio frequency communication system, a satellite communication system, a sonar communication system, a radar communication system, a laser communication system, an internet communication system, a communication system between a vehicle and a satellite, a communication system between a least two vehicles, an internal vehicle communication system between the various operating subsystems within a vehicle, and a communication system resulting from a combination of at least two of the communication systems therein.

64. A method for dynamic communications as set forth in claim 63, wherein an operator or an automated transmission system, at a transmitter segment, performs an operation of dynamically allocating equivalent propagation channel powers according to continuously changing application demands by dynamically including change of relative input powers into ratios of mixtures of the input signals, in order to improve radiated power of the input signals being transmitted, whereby the dynamic power allocation is implemented through the transmitter segment without affecting receiver segment and propagation segment, and without modifying configuration of propagation apparatus and propagation channels in the propagation segment.