Battery management system and driving method thereof

• US 8,134,338 B2
• Filed: 11/29/2007
• Issued: 03/13/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 03/02/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Samsung SDI Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Samsung SDI Company Limited
• Inventors: Choi, Won-Suk
• Primary Examiner(s): Fantu, Yalkew
• Application Number:
  US11/947,712
• Publication Number:
  US 20080211459A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,566 Days
• Field of Search: 320/134
• US Class Current: 320/134
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0016 using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/005 Detection of state of health [SOH]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A battery management system is provided for managing a battery that supplies power to a vehicle. The battery includes a plurality of cells. The battery management system includes a sensing unit for measuring a voltage of each of the plurality of cells. The battery management system detects at least one first cell among the plurality of cells that needs to be balanced according to the measured voltage of each of the plurality of cells. In addition, the battery management system performs a cell balancing operation on said at least one first cell by using different methods according to a driving state of the vehicle.

Claims

1. A battery management system for managing a battery having a plurality of cells for supplying power to a vehicle, the battery management system comprising:

a sensing unit for measuring a voltage of each of the plurality of cells;

a first cell balancing driver for discharging at least one first cell of the plurality of cells when the vehicle is in a temporary stop state or a running state; and

a second cell balancing driver for transmitting the energy received from an over-charged cell to an over-discharged cell when the vehicle is in a stop state,

wherein the battery management system detects at least one first cell among the plurality of cells needing to be balanced according to a measured voltage of each of the plurality of cells, and performs a cell balancing operation on said at least one first cell by using different methods according to operational states of the vehicle, the operational states of the vehicle comprising the temporary stop state, the running state, and the stop state.

2. The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising:

a cell balancing determiner for detecting said at least one first cell by comparing the measured voltage for each of the plurality of cells with a normal range;

a cell balancing controller for controlling a voltage of said at least one first cell to be discharged when the vehicle is in the temporary stop state, the running state, or the stop state; and

a cell balancing unit for discharging the voltage of said at least one first cell.

3. The battery management system of claim 2, wherein when the vehicle is in the stop state, the cell balancing determiner detects the over-charged cell or the over-discharged cell from among the plurality of cells, and the cell balancing unit receives energy from the over-charged cell and transmits the energy received from the over-charged cell to the over-discharged cell.

4. The battery management system of claim 3, wherein the cell balancing unit comprises:

a plurality of first cell balancing switches having first ends respectively coupled to the plurality of cells and second ends coupled to a first output terminal;

a plurality of second cell balancing switches having first ends respectively coupled to the plurality of cells and second ends coupled to a second output terminal;

a first relay for connecting the first cell balancing driver, the first output terminal, and the second output terminal; and

a second relay for connecting the second cell balancing driver, the first output terminal, and the second output terminal.

5. The battery management system of claim 4, wherein when the vehicle is in the temporary stop state or the running state, the cell balancing controller turns on the first relay and turns on first switches and second switches among the plurality of first cell balancing switches and the plurality of second cell balancing switches that correspond to said at least one first cell.

6. The battery management system of claim 5, wherein the first relay has a first relay first end and a first relay second end, and wherein the first cell balancing driver comprises:

a first resistor having a first resistor first end and a first resistor second end, the first resistor first end being coupled to the first relay first end;

a second resistor having a second resistor first end and a second resistor second end, the second resistor first end being coupled to the first relay first end and to the first resistor first end;

a first transistor having a first transistor first electrode, a first transistor second electrode, and a first transistor control electrode, the first transistor first electrode being coupled to the second transistor second end, the first transistor second electrode being coupled to the first relay second end;

a second transistor having a second transistor first electrode and a second transistor second electrode, the second transistor first electrode being coupled to the first resistor second end;

a third resistor having a third resistor first end and a third resistor second end, the third resistor first end being coupled to the second transistor second electrode and to the first transistor control electrode, the third transistor second end being coupled to the first transistor second electrode and to the first relay second end;

a photodiode for forming a photocoupler with the second transistor, the photodiode having a photodiode anode electrode and a photodiode cathode electrode;

a first power source coupled to the photodiode anode electrode;

a fourth resistor having a fourth resistor first end and a fourth resistor second end, the fourth resistor first end being coupled to the photodiode cathode electrode; and

a fifth resistor having a fifth resistor first end and a fifth resistor second end, the fifth resistor first end being coupled to the first power source, the fifth resistor second end being coupled to the fourth resistor first end and to the photodiode cathode electrode.

7. The battery management system of claim 6, wherein the cell balancing controller transmits a discharge control signal to the fourth transistor second end to permit a driving current to flow to the photodiode.

8. The battery management system of claim 7, wherein a bias current flows to the second transistor in response to the driving current, and the first transistor is turned on by a bias voltage applied to the first transistor control electrode and to the first transistor second electrode in response to the bias current and the third resistor.

9. The battery management system of claim 8, wherein when the first transistor is turned on, charges of said at least one first cell are discharged by a discharge path having the second resistor and the first transistor so that a voltage of said at least one first cell is decreased.

10. The battery management system of claim 4, wherein when the vehicle is in the stop state, the cell balancing controller turns on first switches and second switches among the plurality of first cell balancing switches and the plurality of second cell balancing switches that correspond to the over-charged cell, and turns off the first switches and the second switches when a voltage of the over-charged cell reaches the normal range.

11. The battery management system of claim 10, wherein after turning off the first switches and the second switches when the vehicle is in the stop state, the cell balancing controller turns on third switches among the plurality of first cell balancing switches corresponding to the over-discharged cell, and turns on fourth switches among the plurality of second cell balancing switches corresponding to the over-discharged cell.

12. The battery management system of claim 11, wherein when the vehicle is in the stop state, the cell balancing controller turns off the third switches and the fourth switches when the voltage of the over-discharged cell reaches the normal range.

13. The battery management system of claim 12, wherein:

the second relay has a second relay first end and a second relay second end;

the second cell balancing driver comprises an inductor having an inductor first end and an inductor second end, the inductor first end being coupled to the second relay first end, the inductor second end being coupled to the second relay second end; and

the inductor stores energy transmitted through the first switches, the second switches, and the second relay.

14. The battery management system of claim 13, wherein the energy stored in the inductor is transmitted to the over-discharged cell through the third switches, the fourth switches, and the second relay.

15. The battery management system of claim 14, wherein the second cell balancing driver further comprises a capacitor coupled in parallel with the inductor.

16. The battery management system of claim 1, further comprising a connection port unit coupled to the plurality of cells, the connection port unit coupling the battery management system and the plurality of cells.

17. The battery management system of claim 1, wherein the battery management system is formed of one chip.

18. A driving method of a battery management system for managing a battery having a plurality of cells supplying power to a vehicle, the driving method comprising:

a) determining a driving state of the vehicle;

b) sensing a voltage for each of the plurality of cells;

c) determining a cell needing to be balanced from among the plurality of cells; and

d) performing a cell balancing operation on the cell by using different methods depending upon an operational state of the vehicle, the operational state being one of a plurality of states comprising a running state, a temporary stop state, and a stop state,

wherein when the vehicle is in the stop state, determining the cell needing to be balanced comprises detecting an over-charged cell and an over-discharged cell from among the plurality of cells, and performing the cell balancing operation comprises performing the cell balancing operation on the over-charged cell and the over-discharged cell by transmitting energy from the over-charged cell to the over-discharged cell in the stop state only.

19. The driving method of claim 18, wherein when the vehicle is in a temporary stop state or a running state, determining a cell needing to be balanced comprises detecting an over-charged cell, and performing a cell balancing operation comprises performing the cell balancing operation by discharging the over-charged cell.