Packaged sensors and harsh environment systems with packaged sensors

• US 8,135,247 B2
• Filed: 03/30/2009
• Issued: 03/13/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Xia, Hua, Storey, James Michael, Avagliano, Aaron John, Kumar, Aditya, McCarthy, Kevin Thomas, Wu, Juntao, Zhan, Cheryl
• Primary Examiner(s): PEACE, RHONDA S
• Application Number:
  US12/413,641
• Publication Number:
  US 20100247026A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,079 Days
• Field of Search: 385/12, 385/13, 385/37
• US Class Current: 385/13
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2200/09 Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/093 Coal
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/165 integrated with a gas turbine or gas motor gas turbine plants provided with a gas producer F02C3/28; engines using solid fuels F02B43/08
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/466 Entrained flow processes
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 3/86 combined with waste-heat boilers
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35303 using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35316 using a Bragg gratings
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35354 Sensor working in reflection
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0044 Furnaces, ovens, kilns G01J5/0007, G01J5/004 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/042 High-temperature environment G01J5/0007, G01J5/0044, G01J5/0088 and G01J5/004 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0818 Waveguides
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 11/3206 at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/021 characterised by the core or cladding or coating, e.g. materials, radial refractive index profiles, cladding shape
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0218 using mounting means, e.g. by using a combination of materials having different thermal expansion coefficients
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02209 Mounting means, e.g. adhesives, casings G02B6/02171 and G02B6/02195 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0229 characterised by nanostructures, i.e. structures of size less than 100 nm, e.g. quantum dots
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/255 Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2558 Reinforcement of splice joint

Abstract

A fiber sensor package is disclosed. The fiber sensor package includes an interconnection between a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber within a tubing such that the first and second optical fibers are at least partially disposed within that tubing. A bonding material is disposed across an edge of the interconnection around at least a part of the circumferential surfaces of the first and second fibers, holds rigid the interconnection of the first and second optical fibers. The methods of preparing the package, and the examples of systems benefiting from the fiber sensor package of this invention are also described.

Claims

1. A fiber sensor package comprising:

an interconnection between a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber disposed within a tubing comprising one or more noble metals and an aperture on the tubing at the vicinity of the interconnection, wherein the first and second optical fibers are at least partially disposed within the tubing; and

a bonding material disposed through the aperture and within the tubing at least partially around the circumferential surfaces of the first fiber and the second fiber at the interconnection and in the vicinity of the interconnection, bonding in place the first fiber and the second fiber such that fibers on each side of the bonding material can freely move towards opposite directions as a result of thermal expansion,

wherein the first optical fiber comprises at least one fiber Bragg grating.

2. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is not present between the first and second fibers at the interconnection.

3. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the first optical fiber comprises a core having an index of refraction n1 and a nanoporous cladding, having an index of refraction n2, present around at least a part of the circumferential surface of the fiber.

4. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein a signal transmission loss across the interconnection is less than about 3 dB.

5. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the first optical fiber is a sapphire fiber and the second optical fiber is a silica fiber.

6. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is a high-temperature ceramic material.

7. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is a mixture of a ceramic material and a metallic material.

8. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the bonding material is a ceramic metal composite with particle sizes ranging from about 0.1 microns to about 2 microns.

9. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the tubing comprises an alloy comprising platinum and rhenium.

10. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the tubing comprises an alloy comprising rhenium and iridium.

11. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the tubing is hermetically sealed.

12. The fiber sensor package of claim 1, wherein the tubing is filled with a gaseous medium selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, argon and combinations thereof.

13. A coal gasification system comprising the sensing cable package of claim 1.

14. A radiant syngas cooler system comprising the fiber sensing cable package of claim 1.

15. A method of forming a sensing cable package comprising:

contacting a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber to form an interconnection;

providing a tubing with an aperture at the vicinity of the intersection and the tubing comprising one or more noble metals, wherein the tubing circumferentially surrounds at least a length of the first and second optical fibers and the interconnection;

disposing a bonding material through the aperture into the tubing to span across at least part of the circumferential surfaces of the first and second fibers along the interconnection; and

setting the bonding material to form a rigid interconnection of the first and second fibers such that fibers on each side of the bonding material can freely move towards opposite directions as a result of thermal expansion.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the tubing is introduced to further surround the first fiber at an end comprising at least one FBG.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the bonding material is introduced at a temperature greater than about 3000°

F. (1648.8°

C.).

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the bonding material is introduced inside the tubing in a putty form, followed by a thermal curing process.

19. A gasification system comprising:

a gasifier unit and an RSC; and

a sensor cable package at least in part disposed within the gasification system, comprising;

a sapphire optical fiber sensing cable comprising a core having an index of refraction n1, wherein the core comprises at least one Bragg grating structure; and

a sapphire nanoporous cladding along a circumferential surface of the fiber comprising nanopores filled with a medium; and

a silica optical fiber abutting the sapphire optical fiber, wherein abutting portions of the sapphire and silica optical fibers are disposed within a tubing comprising one or more noble metals and an aperture on the tubing at the vicinity of the intersection, wherein a bonding material is disposed within the tubing through the aperture spanning across the abutting portions around at least a part of the circumferential surfaces and bonding in place the sapphire fiber and the silica fiber such that fibers on each side of the bonding material can freely move towards opposite directions as a result of thermal expansion, wherein the tubing is hermetically sealed and the at least one Bragg grating structure is disposed within the tubing.

20. The gasification system of claim 19, operable at temperatures of 2200F (1204.4°

C.) or greater, and a pressure of 700 psi (4.82 MPa) or greater.