Intrusion detection and tracking system

• US 8,138,918 B2
• Filed: 09/17/2009
• Issued: 03/20/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Habib, Toni S., Habib, Wassim S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Tai T
• Application Number:
  US12/562,036
• Publication Number:
  US 20110063110A1
• Time in Patent Office: 915 Days
• Field of Search: 340/552, 340/553, 340/539.22, 340/539.26, 340/286.02, 342/126, 342/146
• US Class Current: 340/552
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2491 Intrusion detection systems, i.e. where the body of an intruder causes the interference with the electromagnetic field
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0261 System arrangements wherein the object is to detect trespassing over a fixed physical boundary, e.g. the end of a garden

Abstract

An intrusion detection and tracking system includes a plurality of nodes, a DP and a gateway. The nodes are disposed about an area and form a wireless network to be monitored, the nodes are configured to receive data and transmit data frames with a signal strength indicator and/or a link quality indicator in the frames. The DP is communicatively connected to the network and configured to analyze variations in the signal strength indicator and/or link quality indicator to detect and track disturbances to an electromagnetic field in the area. The gateway is configured to form a data link between the network and the DP.

Claims

1. An intrusion detection and tracking system comprising:

a plurality of nodes disposed about an area to be monitored, said plurality of nodes forming a wireless network and configured to transmit data and receive data frames with a signal strength indicator and a link quality indicator in the frames;

a data processor (DP) communicatively connected to the network and configured to analyze variations in the signal strength indicator and link quality indicator to detect and track disturbances to an electromagnetic field in the area a display, coupled to the DP, the display for displaying a condition of intrusion in response to the DP detecting and tracking disturbances to an electromagnetic field; and

a gateway configured to form a data link between the network and the DP.

2. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 1, wherein an intrusion is detected by monitoring variations in both the signal strength indicator and the link quality indicator.

3. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 1, wherein the signal strength indicator is a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and the link quality indicator is a link quality index (LQI).

4. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 1, wherein the nodes are configured with an adaptable transmission rate.

5. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 1, wherein the DP triggers the nodes into a self-configuring mode in which all nodes auto-adjust their transmission power.

6. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 5, wherein the transmission power is adjusted so that the transmission is received by first and second tier neighboring nodes.

7. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 1, wherein the DP is configured to calculate successive levels of detection confidence to provide false detection probabilities.

8. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 7, wherein the levels of detection confidence are directly related to a plurality of layers of detection.

9. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 8, wherein a first layer of detection is performed at the nodes.

10. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 9, wherein the first layer of detection at the nodes triggers one or more of the nodes to transmit at a higher transmission rate.

11. The intrusion detection and tracking system of claim 9, wherein each layer of detection after the first layer of detection are performed at the DP.

12. A system for detecting and tracking an object in an area, the system comprising:

a plurality of nodes disposed about the area and establishing a wireless network and an electromagnetic field in the area, each of said plurality of the nodes configured to transmit data and receive a data with at least one other node and wherein at least some of the data includes a signal strength indicator and a link quality indicator and wherein each node monitors changes in at least one of the signal strength indicator and the link quality indicator from one transmission to another and uses such changes to detect the object;

a data processor communicatively coupled to the wireless network and configured to receive and analyze information provided thereto from at least some of said plurality of nodes; and

a display, coupled to the data processor and configured to display a condition of intrusion in response to analyzed information from the data processor.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein each node monitors changes in at least one of the signal strength indicator and the link quality indicator from at least one of a predetermined level and from one transmission to another and uses such changes to detect the object.

14. The system of claim 12 wherein each node is configured to transmit data and receive data frames with at least one other node and wherein at least some of the data frames include a signal strength indicator and a link quality indicator and wherein each node monitors at least one of changes in at least one of the signal strength indicator and the link quality indicator from one transmission to the other and changes from a predetermined level and uses such changes to detect the object.

15. The system of claim 12 wherein each of said plurality of nodes performs processing to establish the presence of a potential intrusion in the vicinity of the node.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein each of said plurality of nodes is provided as a system on a chip (SoC) and wherein each SoC includes a central processing unit (CPU) in which processing is performed to establish the presence of a potential intrusion in the vicinity of the node.

17. The system of claim 15 wherein the processing performed by each of said nodes to establish the presence of a potential intrusion in the vicinity of the node comprises dual-threshold filtering.

18. The system of claim 15 wherein in response to a node establishing the presence of a potential intrusion, said node switches from a first transmission rate to a second transmission rate wherein an amount of detection data produced at the second transmission rate is greater than an amount of detection data produced at the first transmission rate.

19. The system of claim 15 wherein each of said plurality of nodes transmits data at a first transmission rate during no-intrusion periods and wherein the first transmission rate is selected such that the nodes can detect a potential intrusion traveling through the area at a predetermined speed.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein in response to a node establishing the presence of a potential intrusion, the node switches to a second transmission rate and commands neighboring nodes transmitting at a first transmission rate to switch to a second transmission rate.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein in response to a node determining that there is no longer a potential intrusion, the node begin transmitting at the first transmission rate.

22. The system of claim 12 wherein in response to the link quality indicator corresponds to a link quality index (LQI) and the signal strength indicator corresponds to a received signal indicator (RSSI) and wherein each of said plurality of nodes uses one or more of RSSI changes from one transmission to another and changes from a predetermined level.

23. The system of claim 22 wherein each of said plurality of nodes determines if the changes in the RSSI are significant enough to represent a potential intrusion.

24. The system of claim 12 wherein each of said plurality of nodes is provided as a system on a chip (SoC) and wherein each SoC includes a central processing unit (CPU) in which processing is performed to establish the presence of a potential intrusion in the vicinity of the node and wherein each SoC comprises:

a transmitter; and

a receiver and wherein each transmission by a node is received by as many as nine other nodes.

25. The system of claim 12 wherein said data processor is configured to compute successive levels of detection confidence and wherein the levels of detection confidence are directly related to a plurality of layers of detection.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein a first layer of detection is performed at the nodes.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein the first layer of detection at the nodes triggers one or more of the nodes to transmit at a higher transmission rate.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein each layer of detection after the first layer of detection are performed at the data processor.