Acquisition of topographies of objects having arbitrary geometries

• US 8,139,230 B2
• Filed: 05/15/2009
• Issued: 03/20/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/16/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ultra Electronics Forensic Technology, Inc. (Ultra Electronics Holdings PLC)
• Original Assignee: Forensic Technology WAI, Inc. (Ultra Electronics Holdings PLC)
• Inventors: Roberge, Danny, Beauchamp, Alain
• Primary Examiner(s): Chowdhury, Tarifur
• Assistant Examiner(s): STOCK JR, GORDON J
• Application Number:
  US12/466,847
• Publication Number:
  US 20090284756A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,040 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 356/601
• CPC Class Codes: F42B 35/00 Testing or checking of ammunition apparatus for measuring the energy of projectiles G01L5/14
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 11/24 for measuring contours or curvatures
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 11/26 for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

Abstract

There is described a method for positioning an object on an optical sensor system for acquiring a surface thereof, the sensor system having a set of motors for rotating the object around a motor axis perpendicular to an optical axis of the sensor system and for translating the object in X, Y and Z directions, the method comprising: (a) acquiring a relief map of an area in a field of view of the sensor system; (b) computing a normal representative of a topography of the relief map of the area; (c) determining an angle difference between the normal and the optical axis of the sensor system; (d) comparing the angle difference to a threshold angle to determine if the surface of the area is perpendicular to the sensor axis; (e) if the angle difference is greater than a threshold angle, rotating the object to obtain a new difference angle less than the threshold angle; and (f) translating the object to reposition the area in the field of view after the rotating has displaced the area.

Claims

1. A method for positioning an object on an optical sensor system for acquiring a surface thereof, the optical sensor system having a set of motors for rotating the object around a motor axis perpendicular to an optical axis of the optical sensor system and for translating the object in X, Y and Z directions, the method comprising:

(a) determining a motor axis position relative to a reference position in a reference coordinate system;

(b) positioning at least one of said optical sensor system and said object to correspond to a desired position for an acquisition and acquiring a relief map of an area in a field of view of the optical sensor system;

(c) computing a normal representative of a topography of the relief map of the area;

(d) determining an angle difference between the normal and the optical axis of the optical sensor system and comparing the angle difference to a threshold angle to determine if a surface of the area is perpendicular to the optical axis of the sensor system; and

(e) if the angle difference is greater than a threshold angle, dynamically computing a set of repositioning parameters using the motor axis position, for rotating the object to obtain a new difference angle less than said threshold angle and translating said object to reposition said area in said field of view after said rotating has displaced said area.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising repeating steps (b) through (f) for said relief map of said area until said new difference angle is less than said threshold angle after said translating.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining an actual position of said motor axis comprises:

(g) assuming an actual position of (0,

     0) for said motor axis;

(h) acquiring a first relief map of an area in a field of view of the optical sensor system with said set of motors at said initial position;

(i) performing a rotation of said surface of the object about said motor axis by a given angle θ

;

(j) acquiring a subsequent relief map of an area in the field of view of the optical sensor system;

(k) measuring a relative rotation and shift between the first relief map and the subsequent relief map;

(l) computing a temporary motor axis position using only the first relief map and the subsequent relief map;

(m) computing a confidence weight describing a confidence with the temporary motor axis position;

(n) updating the actual position of the motor axis using the confidence weight and the temporary motor axis position;

(o) testing for convergence of an updated actual position; and

(p) repeating steps (i) to (o) until convergence is achieved.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

setting said set of motors to an initial position for an initial acquisition of said surface of the object and a final position for a final acquisition of said surface of the object to determine the motor axis position.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

moving at least one of said object and said optical sensor system to provide a new surface area in said field of view of said optical sensor system; and

repeating steps (b) through (e) for multiple areas of said surface of the object and merging said multiple areas to create a mosaic of said surface of said object.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein said setting said set of motors to an initial position comprises:

(q) acquiring a first relief map of the area in a field of view of the optical sensor system;

(r) computing an initial normal representative of a topography of the relief map of the area;

(s) measuring an initial angle between the initial normal and the optical axis and comparing with the threshold angle;

(t) if the measured initial angle is greater than the threshold angle, rotating the object by a given value to obtain a new angle;

(u) acquiring a second relief map of an area within the field of view after the rotating of step (t);

(v) determining a relative shift between common data from the first relief map and the second relief map;

(w) translating the object by the relative shift and repeating steps (q) through (w) until the measured initial angle is less than said threshold angle; and

(x) if the measured initial angle is less than said threshold angle, storing a current position of said set of motors as said initial position.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein said moving at least one of said object and a sensor to provide a new surface area in said field of view comprises having an dynamically determined overlap between successive areas that is greater than 50%.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein said moving at least one of said object and a sensor to provide a new surface area in said field of view comprises having an dynamically determined overlap between successive areas that is less than 50%.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein said moving at least one of said object and a sensor to provide a new surface area in said field of view comprises having dynamically determined overlap between successive areas that is about 50%.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein said (r) computing an initial normal representative of a topography of the relief map of the area comprises:

defining an average profile along a Y direction describing an approximate shape of the topography; and

computing the normal of the average profile.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein said moving comprises:

determining a position of a point of a current patch which is consistent with the overlap between successive acquired areas;

identifying a normal at that point;

rotating the object in order to bring the normal of that point parallel to the optical axis;

translating the surface by a y-shifting parameter Shift_y in order to bring that point in a center of the field of view; and

updating the motor axis position to an updated y-position R_y-update=R_y+Shift_y, wherein R_y is an original y-position.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein said moving comprises:

identifying a normal of a furthest point of a topography of a current patch at a boundary of the field of view;

determining an angle BETA between the normal of the furthest point and the optical axis;

rotating the object by (1+ALPHA)*BETA, where ALPHA is a positive parameter that is a decreasing function of the overlap which approaches zero when the overlap approaches 50%;

translating the object by a y-shifting parameter Shift_y in order to bring the furthest point beyond a center of the field of view in accordance with the overlap; and

updating the motor axis position to an updated y-position R_Y-update=R_Y+Shift_Y, wherein R_y is an original y-position.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein said moving comprises:

identifying a normal of a furthest point of a topography of a current patch at a boundary of the field of view;

rotating the object in order to bring the normal of the furthest point parallel to the optical axis;

translating the surface in order to bring the furthest point in a center of the field of view; and

updating the motor axis position to an updated y-position R_Y-update=R_Y+Shift_y, wherein R_y is an original v position and Shift_y is a y-shifting parameter.

14. An object positioning system for use with an optical sensor system for acquiring a surface of the object, the optical sensor system having a set of motors for rotating the object around a motor axis perpendicular to an optical axis of the optical sensor system and for translating the object in X, Y and Z directions, the object positioning system comprising:

a processor in a computer system;

a memory accessible by the processor; and

an application coupled to the processor, wherein the application, when executed by the processor;

(a) determine a motor axis position relative to a reference position in a reference coordinate system;

(b) positions at least one of said optical sensor system and said object to correspond to a desired position for an acquisition and acquiring a relief map of an area in a field of view of the optical sensor system;

(c) computes a normal representative of a topography of the relief map of the area;

(d) determines an angle difference between the normal and the optical axis of the optical sensor system and comparing the angle difference to a threshold angle to determine if a surface of the area is perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical sensor system;

(e) if the angle difference is greater than a threshold angle, dynamically computes a set of repositioning parameters using the motor axis position, for rotating the object to obtain a new difference angle less than said threshold angle and translating said object to reposition said area in said field of view after said rotating has displaced said area.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein said actual position of said motor axis is determined by:

(g) assuming an actual position of (0,

     0) for said motor axis;

(h) acquiring a first relief map of an area in a field of view of the optical sensor system with said set of motors at said initial position;

(i) performing a rotation of said surface of the object about said motor axis by a given angle θ

;

(j) acquiring a subsequent relief map of an area in the field of view of the optical sensor system;

(k) measuring a relative rotation and shift between the first relief map and the subsequent relief map;

(l) computing a temporary motor axis position using only the first relief map and the subsequent relief map;

(m) computing a confidence weight describing a confidence with the temporary motor axis position;

(n) updating the actual position of the motor axis position using the confidence weight and the temporary motor axis position;

(o) testing for convergence of said actual position as updated; and

(p) repeating steps (i) to (o) until convergence is achieved.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein said application is also:

sets said set of motors to an initial position for an initial acquisition of said surface of the object and a final position for a final acquisition of said surface of the object for determining the actual position of the motor axis.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein said application further:

moves at least one of said object and a sensor to provide a new surface area in said field of view of said optical sensor system; and

repeats steps (b) through (e) for multiple areas of said new surface area and merging said multiple areas to create a mosaic of said surface of said object.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein said set of motors are set to an initial position by:

(q) acquiring a first relief map of an area in a field of view of the optical sensor system;

(r) computing a normal representative of a topography of the first relief map of the area;

(s) measuring an angle between the normal of step (r) and the optical axis and comparing with the threshold angle;

(t) if the measured angle is greater than the threshold angle, rotating the object by a given value to obtain a new angle;

(u) acquiring a second relief map of an area within the field of view after the rotating of step (t);

(v) determining a relative shift between common data from the first relief map and the second relief map;

(w) translating the object by the relative shift and repeating steps (q) through (w) until the measured angle is less than said threshold angle; and

(x) if the measured angle is less than said threshold angle, storing a current position of said set of motors as said initial position.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein said (r) computing a normal representative of a topography of the relief map of the area comprises:

defining an average profile along a Y direction describing an approximate shape of the topography; and

computing the normal of step (r) of the average profile.

20. The system of claim 17, wherein said application moves said at least one of said object and a sensor to provide a new surface area in said field of view by providing an overlap between successive areas that is greater than 50%.

21. The system of claim 17, wherein said application moves said at least one of said object and a sensor to provide a new surface area in said field of view by providing an overlap between successive areas that is less than 50%.

22. The system of claim 17, wherein said application moves said at least one of said object and a sensor to provide a new surface area in said field of view by providing an overlap between successive areas that is about 50%.

23. The system of claim 20, wherein said application moves at least one object and a sensor to a new surface area by:

determining a position of a point of a current patch which is consistent with a predetermined fixed overlap between successive acquired areas;

identifying a normal at that point;

rotating the object in order to bring the normal of that point parallel to the optical axis;

translating the surface of the object by a y-shifting parameter Shift_y in order to bring that point in a center of the field of view; and

updating the motor axis position to an updated y-position R_y-update=R_y+Shift_y, wherein R_y is an original y-position.

24. The system of claim 21, wherein said application moves said at least one object and a sensor to a new surface area by:

identifying a normal of a furthest point of a topography of a current patch at a boundary of the field of view;

determining an angle BETA between the normal of the furthest point and the optical axis;

rotating the object by (1+ALPHA)*BETA, where ALPHA is a positive parameter that is a decreasing function of the overlap which approaches zero when the overlap approaches 50%;

translating the object by a y-shifting parameter Shift_y in order to bring the point beyond a center of the field of view in accordance with the overlap; and

updating the motor axis position to an updated y-position R_Y-update=R_Y+Shift_Y, wherein R_y is an original y-position.

25. The system of claim 22, wherein said application moves said at least one object and a sensor to a new surface area by:

identifying a normal of a furthest point of a topography of a current patch at a boundary of the field of view;

rotating the object in order to bring the normal of the furthest point parallel to the optical axis;

translating the surface of the object in order to bring the furthest point in a center of the field of view; and

updating the motor axis position to an updated y-position parameter R_Y-update=R_Y+Shift_y, wherein Ry is an original position and Shift_y is a y-shifting parameter.