Obtaining sensing results and/or data in response to object detection

• US 8,153,950 B2
• Filed: 12/18/2008
• Issued: 04/10/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Kiesel, Peter, Beck, Markus, Martini, Joerg, Bassler, Michael, Johnson, Noble M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia Y
• Assistant Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, DON J
• Application Number:
  US12/337,771
• Publication Number:
  US 20100155572A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,209 Days
• Field of Search: 250/223.B, 250/223.R, 25023113-23118, 250/208.1, 250/214.R, 250/208.2, 250/458.1, 250/459.1, 250/573, 341/8, 341/9, 341/13, 341/14, 356/73, 356/416, 356/417, 356/419, 359/238, 359/830
• US Class Current: 250/208.2
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/027 Control of working procedures of a spectrometer; Failure detection; Bandwidth calculation
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/2803 using photoelectric array detector
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/12 by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/1429 Signal processing
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/1459 the analysis being performed on a sample stream
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2015/1027 Determining speed or velocity of a particle
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/1734 Sequential different kinds of measurements; Combining two or more methods

Abstract

An encoder/sensor can obtain sensing results from objects in an encoding/sensing region; a trigger detector can respond to objects in a trigger detection region, providing respective trigger signals; and a relative motion component can cause relative motion of objects into the trigger detection region, from it into the encoding/sensing region, and within the encoding/sensing region. In response to an object'"'"'s trigger signal, control circuitry can cause the encoder/sensor and/or the relative motion component to operate so that the encoder/sensor obtains sensing results indicating a time-varying waveform and processing circuitry can obtain data from the sensing results indicating a time-varying waveform. The time-varying waveform can include information resulting from the relative motion within the encoding/sensing region. The encoder/sensor and trigger detector can be implemented, for example, with discrete components or as sets of cells in a photosensing array on an integrated circuit.

Claims

1. Apparatus comprising:

an encoder/sensor that obtains sensing results from objects in an encoding/sensing region relative to the encoder/sensor;

a trigger detector that responds to each of a set of distinguishable objects when the object is in a trigger detection region relative to the trigger detector, providing a respective trigger signal;

a relative motion component that causes relative motion of a subset of the distinguishable objects into the trigger detection region, from the trigger detection region into the encoding/sensing region, and within the encoding/sensing region; and

a circuitry component that includes at least one of;

control circuitry that, in response to the respective trigger signal of an object in the subset, provides control signals that cause one or both of the encoder/sensor and the relative motion component to operate so that the encoder/sensor obtains respective encoded sensing results indicating at least one time-varying waveform with information resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region; and

processing circuitry that, in response to the respective trigger signal of an object in the subset, obtains data from the sensing results, the data indicating at least one time-varying waveform with information resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a fluidic structure with a channel that includes the trigger detection region and the encoding/sensing region, downstream from the trigger detection region;

the relative motion component causing relative motion of objects through the channel.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the circuitry component includes the control circuitry and at least some of the control signals are provided to the encoder/sensor;

the encoder/sensor comprising at least one of;

excitation circuitry that, in operation, provides time-varying excitation to objects in the encoding/sensing region;

each of the objects in the subset emanating light in response to the time-varying excitation as the object has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region;

displacement circuitry that, in operation, provides time-varying displacement of objects in the encoding/sensing region;

each of the objects in the subset being displaced relative to the channel as the object has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region;

filter circuitry that, in operation, provides time-varying filtering of light emanating from objects in the encoding/sensing region;

the filter circuitry providing time-varying filtering of light emanating from each of the objects in the subset as the object has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region; and

sensor circuitry that includes a longitudinal sequence of two or more photosensing elements along the encoding/sensing region and that, in operation, reads out and combines photosensed quantities from a subsequence of two or more of the photosensing elements to provide combined encoded sensing results for each of the objects in the subset as the object has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region and emanates light, the combined encoded sensing results indicating a time-varying waveform resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the encoding/sensing circuitry includes the filter circuitry;

the filter circuitry including liquid crystal display (LCD) circuitry that causes operation of an LCD filter as each of the objects in the subset has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the encoder/sensor comprises the sensor circuitry, the longitudinal sequence of photosensing elements including at least one of:

two or more discrete photosensors; and

two or more photosensing cells in a photosensing array on an integrated circuit (IC).

6. The apparatus of claim 5 in which the longitudinal sequence includes the two or more photosensing cells;

the trigger detector including a first set of cells in the photosensing array and the sensor circuitry including a second set of cells in the photosensing array, the trigger detection region being along the first set of cells and the encoding/sensing region being along the second set of cells.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 in which the longitudinal sequence includes the two or more photosensing cells;

the circuitry component including the processing circuitry;

the processing circuitry providing readout control signals to the IC and, in response, receiving readout quantity signals from the IC that indicate photosensed quantities from cells of the photosensing array.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the circuitry component includes the processing circuitry and the encoder/sensor includes one or both of a photosensor and an impedance-based sensor;

the processing circuitry being programmed to perform one or both of;

in response to the respective trigger signal of an object in the subset, provide readout control signals to the photosensor to obtain readout photosensed quantities; and

in response to the respective trigger signal of an object in the subset, obtain readout impedance-based quantities from the impedance-based sensor.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 in which the circuitry component includes the control circuitry, the control circuitry including a processor programmed to provide the control signals in response to the object'"'"'s trigger signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the circuitry component further includes the processing circuitry, the processing circuitry also including the processor, the processor also being programmed to obtain the data from the sensing results in response to the object'"'"'s respective trigger signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 in which the control circuitry provides one of:

control signals only to the encoder/sensor in response to the object'"'"'s respective trigger signal;

the relative motion component operating independently of the object'"'"'s respective trigger signal; and

control signals both to the encoder/sensor and to the relative motion component.

12. Apparatus comprising:

an array of photosensing cells on an integrated circuit (IC);

the array including first and second sets of photosensing cells;

the first set photosensing light emanating from each of a set of distinguishable objects when the object is in a detection region relative to the first set;

the second set photosensing light emanating from objects in an encoding/sensing region relative to the second set;

a relative motion component that causes relative motion of a subset of the distinguishable objects into the detection region, from the detection region into the encoding/sensing region, and within the encoding/sensing region; and

a circuitry component that;

reads out photosensed quantities from the first and second sets of photosensing cells; and

in response to photosensed quantities from the first set indicating light emanating from one of the subset of objects in the detection region, obtains data from photosensed quantities from the second set, the data indicating at least one time-varying waveform with information resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.

13. A method of using trigger detectors and encoder/sensors, the method including:

causing relative motion of a distinguishable object into a trigger detection region, from the trigger detection region into an encoding/sensing region, and within the encoding/sensing region; and

during the relative motion;

operating a trigger detector to provide a trigger signal when the object is in the trigger detection region;

the trigger detection region being relative to the trigger detector;

operating an encoder/sensor to obtain sensing results when the object is in the encoding/sensing region;

the encoding/sensing region being relative to the encoder/sensor; and

in response to the trigger signal performing at least one of;

controlling at least one of the encoder/sensor'"'"'s operation and the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region so that the encoder/sensor obtains respective encoded sensing results indicating at least one time-varying waveform with information resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region; and

obtaining data from the sensing results, the data indicating at least one time-varying waveform with information resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.

14. The method of claim 13 in which the act of controlling at least one of the encoder/sensor'"'"'s operation and the object'"'"'s relative motion includes at least one of:

providing time-varying excitation in the encoding/sensing region during the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region;

providing time-varying displacement of the object during the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region;

providing time-varying filtering of light emanating from the encoding/sensing region during the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region; and

obtaining photosensed quantities from a longitudinal sequence of photosensing elements in the encoder/sensor during the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region and combining the photosensed quantities to obtain combined encoded sensing results, the combined encoded sensing results indicating a time-varying waveform resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.

15. The method of claim 14 in which the trigger detector includes a trigger part of an array that includes photosensing cells, the array being on an integrated circuit (IC), the encoder/sensor including a sequence part of the array with two or more of the photosensing cells that are in the longitudinal sequence;

the act of operating the trigger detector comprising;

causing readout of photosensed quantities from the trigger part; and

the act of controlling at least one of the encoder/sensor'"'"'s operation and the object'"'"'s relative motion comprising;

in response to readout photosensed quantities from the trigger part indicating detection of the object, causing readout of the sequence part.

16. The method of claim 14 in which the encoder/sensor includes an arrangement of discrete photosensors;

the act of controlling at least one of the encoder/sensor'"'"'s operation and the object'"'"'s relative motion comprising;

causing readout of the discrete photosensors in the arrangement.

17. The method of claim 13 in which the act of controlling at least one of the encoder/sensor'"'"'s operation and the object'"'"'s relative motion comprises:

providing displacement of the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.

18. The method of claim 17 in which the act of providing displacement includes at least one of:

controlling flow of fluid carrying the object;

controlling movement of a channel through which the object is carried by fluid;

controlling movement of a structure supporting the object; and

controlling movement of the encoder/sensor.

19. Apparatus comprising:

a fluidic structure that includes a channel within which objects can have relative motion in a longitudinal direction during operation of the apparatus;

a trigger detector along the channel upstream from an encoding/sensing region, the trigger detector responding to each of a set of distinguishable objects as the object has relative motion into a trigger detection region relative to the trigger detector, providing a respective trigger signal; and

an encoder/sensor that responds to the respective trigger signal of an object in the set, obtaining respective sensing results while the object has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region, the respective sensing results indicating at least one time-varying waveform with information resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region;

the encoder/sensor including at least one of;

excitation circuitry that can provide time-varying excitation to objects in the encoding/sensing region;

each of the objects in the set emanating light in response to the time-varying excitation as the object has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region;

displacement circuitry that can provide time-varying displacement of objects relative to the channel in the encoding/sensing region;

each of the objects in the set being displaced relative to the channel as the object has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region;

filter circuitry that can provide time-varying filtering of light emanating from objects in the encoding/sensing region; and

sensor circuitry that includes a longitudinal sequence of two or more photosensing elements along the encoding/sensing region and that can read out and combine photosensed quantities from a subsequence of two or more of the photosensing elements to provide combined sensing results as the object has relative motion within the encoding/sensing region and emanates light, the combined sensing results indicating a time-varying waveform with information resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising:

control circuitry that receives the trigger signals and, in response, provides control signals that cause the encoder/sensor to obtain the object'"'"'s respective sensing results;

the control circuitry including a processor.

21. The apparatus of claim 19 in which the encoder/sensor includes the filter circuitry;

the filter circuitry including liquid crystal display (LCD) circuitry that causes operation of an LCD filter in response to the trigger signals.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising:

an integrated circuit (IC) that includes a photosensing array;

the trigger detector including a first set of cells in the photosensing array and the sensor circuitry including a second set of cells in the photosensing array, downstream from the first set.

23. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising:

an integrated circuit (IC) that includes a photosensing array; and

a processor that provides readout signals to the IC and, in response, receives from the IC signals that indicate photosensed quantities from cells of the photosensing array.

24. The apparatus of claim 19 in which the apparatus is a flow cytometer.

25. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising:

a processing component that, in response to the object'"'"'s respective sensing results, performs operations to obtain data indicating information resulting from the object'"'"'s relative motion within the encoding/sensing region.