Transaction-safe FAT files system

• US 8,156,165 B2
• Filed: 01/29/2007
• Issued: 04/10/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 10/22/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Malueg, Michael D., Li, Hang, Gopalan, Yadhu N., Polivy, Daniel J., Drasnin, Sharon, Farmer, Jason Ryan, Huang, DaiQian, Radko, Ronald O
• Primary Examiner(s): Mofiz, Apu
• Assistant Examiner(s): BIBBEE, JARED M
• Application Number:
  US11/668,393
• Publication Number:
  US 20070136387A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,898 Days
• Field of Search: 707/100, 707/828, 707/822
• US Class Current: 707/828
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1435 using file system or storage system metadata
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 11/16 using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect

Abstract

In one aspect, the present disclosure describes a process for maintaining file allocation tables (FATs) for a volume of storage medium. The process includes triggering, by a write operation, modification of data in an existing sector of a data file by writing of data to a new sector of the storage medium. The process also includes writing revised used/unused sector information into one FAT and setting a variable indicative of a number of FATs (NOF) to a first value. The process additionally includes copying the one FAT to another FAT and re-setting the variable to a second value.

Claims

1. A method implemented on a computer system by a processor configured to execute instructions, the method comprising:

creating a new subdirectory for a parent directory by allocating a first cluster and a second cluster on a storage medium for the new subdirectory, the first cluster and the second cluster being overwritable;

creating, in the first cluster, an entry pointing to a current sector where the new subdirectory is stored and an entry pointing to the parent directory;

filling a remainder of the first cluster with data that a file system will not permit to be overwritten to prevent changeable data from being stored in the first cluster;

writing, to the second cluster, an entry for a file of the new subdirectory;

storing, in a file allocation table for the storage medium, a chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory, the chain of entries linking the first cluster to the second cluster; and

updating the entry for the file of the new subdirectory in response to modification of the file by;

writing data of the second cluster to a new cluster of the storage medium,

rewriting the entry for the file of the new subdirectory in the new cluster without overwriting the first cluster and the second cluster, and

relinking the chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory to replace the second cluster with the new cluster.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

creating a backup of the file allocation table storing the chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory;

relinking the chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory to replace the second cluster with the new cluster in the backup; and

synchronizing the file allocation table to the backup.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the storage medium is NAND/NOR flash memory.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

allocating the new cluster on the storage medium;

reading the data of the second cluster into a system buffer; and

marking the system buffer as dirty to cause the system buffer to write the data of the second cluster to the new cluster when the system buffer is released.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein filling the remainder of the first cluster with data that a file system will not permit to be overwritten comprises:

filling the remainder of the first cluster with volume labels.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the volume labels prevent the file system from accessing the first cluster and deleting the entries within the first cluster.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

entering file allocation data describing the new cluster in a backup of the file allocation table;

setting a variable to a first value configured to block access to the storage medium by file systems which are not transaction-safe and configured to permit access to the storage medium by file systems which are transaction-safe;

copying the backup into a second file allocation table; and

setting the variable to a second value configured to permit access to the storage medium by file systems which are not transaction-safe and by file systems which are transaction-safe.

18. A computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions implementing the method of claim 1.

8. A computer system comprising:

a processor for executing computer-executable instructions; and

a memory system storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to;

create a new subdirectory for a parent directory by allocating a first cluster and a second cluster on a storage medium for a new subdirectory, the first cluster and the second cluster being overwritable;

create, in the first cluster, an entry pointing to a current sector where the new subdirectory is stored and an entry pointing to the parent directory;

fill a remainder of the first cluster with unchanging data to prevent changeable data from being stored in the first cluster;

write, to the second cluster, an entry for a file of the new subdirectory;

store, in a file allocation table for the storage medium, a chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory, the chain of entries linking the first cluster to the second cluster; and

update the entry for the file of the new subdirectory in response to modification of the file by;

writing data of the second cluster to a new cluster of the storage medium,

rewriting the entry for the file of the new subdirectory in the new cluster without overwriting the first cluster and the second cluster, and

relinking the chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory to replace the second cluster with the new cluster.

9. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the remainder of the first cluster is filled with volume labels.

10. The computer system of claim 9, wherein the volume labels prevent the file system from accessing the first cluster and deleting the entries within the first cluster.

11. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the computer-executable instructions comprise instructions that cause the processor to:

create a backup of the file allocation table storing the chain of entries corresponding to the new directory;

relink the chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory to replace the second cluster with the new cluster in the backup; and

synchronize the file allocation table to the backup.

12. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the computer-executable instructions comprise instructions that cause the processor to:

enter file allocation data including data describing the new cluster in a backup of the file allocation table;

set a variable to a first value configured to block access to the storage medium by first types of file systems and configured to permit access to the storage medium by second types of file systems;

copy the backup into the file allocation table; and

set the variable to a second value configured to permit access to the storage medium by the first and second types of file systems.

13. The computer system of claim 12, wherein the first value is configured to block access to the storage medium by FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 file systems and to permit access to the storage medium by transaction-safe file systems.

14. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the storage medium is NAND/NOR flash memory.

15. The computer system of claim 8, wherein the computer-executable instructions comprise instructions that cause the processor to:

allocate the new cluster on the storage medium;

read the data of the second cluster into a system buffer; and

mark the system buffer as dirty to cause the system buffer to write the data of the second cluster to the new cluster when the system buffer is released.

16. A process for transaction-safe data storage implemented on a computer system by a processor configured to execute instructions, the process comprising:

entering a pointer to a new subdirectory into a cluster of a root directory in a file system, the cluster of the root directory being overwritable;

filling a remainder of the cluster of the root directory with data that never changes to prevent changeable data from being stored in the cluster of the root directory;

allocating a first cluster and a second cluster on a storage medium for the new subdirectory, the first cluster and the second cluster being overwritable;

creating, in the second cluster, an entry pointing to a current sector where the new subdirectory is stored and an entry pointing to the root directory;

filling a remainder of the first cluster with data that never changes to prevent changeable data from being stored in the first cluster;

writing, to the second cluster, an entry for a file of the new subdirectory;

storing, in a file allocation table for the storage medium, a chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory, the chain of entries linking the first cluster to the second cluster; and

updating the entry for the file of the new subdirectory in response to modification of the file by;

writing data of the second cluster to a new cluster of the storage medium,

rewriting the entry for the file of the new subdirectory in the new cluster without overwriting the first cluster and the second cluster, and

relinking the chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory to replace the second cluster with the new cluster.

17. The process of claim 16, wherein the data that never changes comprises volume labels.

19. The process of claim 16, wherein the storage medium is NAND/NOR flash memory.

20. The process of claim 16, further comprising:

entering file allocation data describing the new cluster in a backup of the file allocation table;

setting a variable to a first value configured to block access to the storage medium by of file systems which are not transaction-safe and configured to permit access to the storage medium by file systems which are transaction-safe;

copying the backup into a second file allocation table; and

setting the variable to a second value configured to permit access to the storage medium by file systems which are not transaction-safe and by file systems which are transaction-safe.

21. A computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions implementing the process of claim 16.

22. The process of claim 16, further comprising:

creating a backup of the file allocation table storing the chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory;

relinking the chain of entries corresponding to the new subdirectory to replace the second cluster with the new cluster in the backup; and

synchronizing the file allocation table to the backup.

23. The process of claim 16, further comprising:

allocating the new cluster on the storage medium;

reading the data of the second cluster into a system buffer; and

marking the system buffer as dirty to cause the system buffer to write the data of the second cluster to the new cluster when the system buffer is released.