Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration structures and techniques

• US 8,163,066 B2
• Filed: 03/16/2010
• Issued: 04/24/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/21/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Global Thermostat Operations LLC
• Original Assignee: Graciela Chichilnisky
• Inventors: Eisenberger, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Hill, Jr., Robert J
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jones, Christopher P
• Application Number:
  US12/725,299
• Publication Number:
  US 20110041688A1
• Time in Patent Office: 770 Days
• Field of Search: 951/07, 951/39, 961/26, 961/46
• US Class Current: 95/107
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/22 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/08 according to the "moving bed" method
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1475 Removing carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/62 Carbon oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/83 with moving reactants
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 15/02 of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material traps for solid residues F23J3/04
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2215/50 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2219/40 Sorption with wet devices, e.g. scrubbers
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2219/50 Sorption with semi-dry devices, e.g. with slurries
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2219/60 Sorption with dry devices, e.g. beds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/32 Direct CO2 mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/133 Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Abstract

New and useful system and method concepts are provided, for removing carbon dioxide from a flow of carbon dioxide laden air. More specifically, a sorbent structure is used in new and useful structures and techniques to bind carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide laden air stream, and process heat is used to separate carbon dioxide from the sorbent structure and regenerate the sorbent structure.

Claims

1. A method of removing carbon dioxide from carbon dioxide-laden ambient air, comprising directing a flow of carbon dioxide-laden air through a vertically oriented, monolithic carbon dioxide capture structure that is supporting an amine sorbent that binds carbon dioxide, to remove carbon dioxide from the air by binding carbon dioxide to the sorbent, moving the vertically oriented, monolithic carbon dioxide capture structure into a regeneration enclosure, and directing saturated steam at a temperature of not greater than about 120°

C., carrying process heat, at the carbon dioxide capture structure in the regeneration enclosure to separate the carbon dioxide from the sorbent, and regenerate the sorbent, withdrawing the carbon dioxide from the regeneration enclosure together with any remaining steam, and selectively moving the vertically oriented carbon dioxide capture structure out of the regeneration enclosure and back to a position that is in the flow of carbon dioxide-laden ambient air, so that the regenerated sorbent can continue to be used to bind carbon dioxide, to remove carbon dioxide from the flow of carbon dioxide-laden air.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the vertically oriented carbon dioxide capture structure comprises a top support member, and a sorbent support structure depending from the top support member, and wherein the regeneration enclosure is substantially enclosed except for a top opening that is closed by the top support structure when the carbon dioxide capture structure is moved into the regeneration enclosure, rendering the regeneration enclosure substantially air-tight.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein a pair of vertically oriented carbon dioxide capture structures are provided, each of which is selectively configured and operable in the manner described in claim 2, and wherein one of the pair of vertically oriented carbon capture structures is in the path of carbon dioxide-laden ambient air while the other of the pair of vertically oriented carbon capture structures is being heated with process heat steam to separate the carbon dioxide from the sorbent and regenerate the sorbent, in the manner described in claim 2.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein a pair of vertically oriented carbon dioxide capture structures are provided, each of which is selectively configured and operable in the manner described in claim 1, and wherein one of the pair of vertically oriented carbon capture structures is in the path of carbon dioxide-laden ambient air while the other of the pair of vertically oriented carbon capture structures is being heated with process heat steam to separate the carbon dioxide from the sorbent and regenerate the sorbent, in the manner described in claim 1.

5. The method of capturing CO₂ in accordance with claim 1, further comprising

a) providing a flow of CO₂-laden ambient air,

b) adding a small amount (by volume) of flue gas to the flow of CO₂-laden ambient air, to produce a combined fluid flow in which the concentration of CO₂ is significantly increased, in comparison to the CO₂ concentration in the flow of CO₂-laden ambient air, and

c) passing the combined fluid flow through the vertically oriented carbon dioxide capture structure that binds CO₂ from the combined fluid flow.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the process heat that is directed at the carbon dioxide capture structure is provided by a co-generation process wherein process heat steam provided from a primary process is directed at the carbon dioxide capture structure.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the steam is directed at the carbon dioxide capture structure in a manner such that the steam releases captured carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide capture structure and transports the released carbon dioxide to a predetermined location.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the transported steam and released carbon dioxide is cooled and condensed and separated from the remaining carbon dioxidegas.