Safe-mode implantable medical devices

• US 8,165,693 B2
• Filed: 07/21/2005
• Issued: 04/24/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 07/21/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Flint Hills Scientific, LLC, LivaNova USA, Inc. (LivaNova Plc)
• Original Assignee: Cyberonics, Inc
• Inventors: Inman, Dana Michael, Armstrong, Randolph K., Armstrong, Scott A.
• Primary Examiner(s): BOCKELMAN, MARK
• Application Number:
  US11/186,261
• Publication Number:
  US 20070021785A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,469 Days
• Field of Search: 607 27- 28, 607/2, 607 63- 64, 600/547, 600/411, 128/901, 128/908
• US Class Current: 607/63
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36082 Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36114 Cardiac control, e.g. by vagal stimulation stimulating the heart A61N1/362
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36142 for improving safety
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36146 specified by the stimulation parameters
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3718 Monitoring of or protection against external electromagnetic fields or currents

Abstract

A method, system, and apparatus for implementing a safe mode operation of an implantable medical system using impedance adjustment(s) are provided. A first impedance is provided to a lead. An indication of a possibility of a coupled energy is received. Based upon said indication, a second impedance associated with the lead to reduce the coupled energy is provided.

Claims

1. An implantable medical device (IMD) for operating in a modified impedance mode, comprising:

a stimulation unit to provide an electrical stimulation signal through a lead operatively coupled to said IMD; and

a controller comprising

a signal detection unit to receive an indication selected from the group consisting of an indication of the presence of a radio frequency (RF) coupled energy on said lead and an indication of the future presence of said RF coupled energy on said lead, and

an impedance unit to modify an impedance of said lead based upon said indication received by said signal detection unit, wherein said impedance unit comprises;

at least one of a capacitive impedance, an inductive impedance, a resistive impedance, a short-circuit, and an open circuit;

a switching network capable of switching at least one of said capacitive impedance, inductive impedance, resistive impedance, said open circuit, and said short circuit to modify said impedance of said lead; and

an active cancellation unit, configured to provide upon the lead a controlled current signal for actively reducing said coupled energy.

2. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein said impedance unit comprises:

at least two impedances selected from the group consisting of a plurality of capacitive impedances positioned in at least one of a series arrangement and a parallel arrangement;

a plurality of inductive impedances positioned in at least one of a series arrangement and a parallel arrangement; and

a plurality of resistive impedances positioned in at least one of a series arrangement and a parallel arrangement; and

a switching network capable of switching at least one of said capacitive impedances, inductive impedances, and resistive impedances to modify said impedance of said lead.

3. The implantable medical device of claim 2, wherein said capacitive impedances, inductive impedances, resistive impedances are arranged in a parallel form with each other.

4. The implantable medical device of claim 2, wherein said switching network comprising:

a plurality of switches to switch between at least one of said capacitive impedances, inductive impedances, and resistive impedances to modify said impedance of said lead; and

a switch controller to control the switching of said switches.

5. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein said active cancellation unit comprises a controlled current source.

6. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein said signal detection unit comprises circuitry to receive a signal from an external source indicating a future coupled energy.

7. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein said active cancellation unit comprises a controlled current source for providing a substantially zero current in the presence of said coupled energy.

8. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the signal detection unit comprises at least one of:

a frequency count unit to perform at least one of a frequency division and a frequency count to determine whether said coupled energy is present on said lead;

a bandpass filter comprising at least one of a highpass filter and a lowpass filter to determine whether said coupled energy is present on said lead;

an envelope comparator circuit to determine whether said coupled energy is present on said lead;

or

a thermal sensor to determine whether said coupled energy is present on said lead.

9. The implantable medical device of claim 1, further comprising a communication unit to receive an indication of the future presence of a radio frequency (RF) coupled energy on said lead, and wherein said impedance unit is capable of modifying an impedance of said lead based upon said indication received by said communication unit signal.

10. The IMD of claim 1, wherein said impedance unit is capable of dynamically modifying the impedance of said lead.

11. A medical device system for providing an electrical stimulation signal to a patient, comprising:

an electrode configured to be coupled to a tissue in a patient'"'"'s body;

a lead operatively coupled to said electrode, said lead to carry an electrical stimulation signal to said electrode; and

a signal generator operatively coupled to said lead, said signal generator to provide said electrical stimulation signal to said tissue through said lead, said signal generator comprising;

a stimulation unit to provide said electrical stimulation signal through said lead, and

a controller to receive an indication selected from the group consisting of an indication of the presence of a radio frequency (RF) coupled energy and an indication of the future presence of a RF coupled energy, said controller to also modify an impedance of said lead based upon said indication, and

an impedance unit to modify an impedance of said lead based upon said indication received by said signal detection unit, wherein said impedance unit comprises;

at least one of a capacitive impedance, an inductive impedance, a resistive impedance, a short-circuit, and an open circuit;

a switching network capable of switching at least one of said capacitive impedance, inductive impedance, resistive impedance, said open circuit, and said short circuit to modify said impedance of said lead; and

an active cancellation unit, configured to provide upon the lead a controlled current signal for actively reducing said coupled energy.

12. The medical device system of claim 11, wherein said tissue is at least one of a right vagus nerve, a left vagus nerve, and another cranial nerve.

13. The medical device system of claim 11, wherein said electrical stimulation signal is used to treat a condition selected from the group consisting of depression, epilepsy, and bulimia.

14. The medical device system of claim 11 wherein said controller further comprises:

a signal detection unit to receive an indication selected from the group consisting of the presence of said RF coupled energy on said lead and an indication of the future presence of a RF coupled energy on said lead.

15. The medical device system of claim 14, wherein said signal detection unit comprises circuitry to receive a signal from an external source indicating a future coupled energy.

16. The implantable medical device of claim 11, wherein said active cancellation unit further comprises a controlled current supply circuit.

17. The implantable medical device of claim 16, wherein said active cancellation unit is configured to provide the controlled current signal to produce a substantially zero current in the presence of said coupled energy.

18. The medical device system of claim 11, wherein said medical device system further comprises:

at least two impedances selected from the group consisting of a plurality of capacitive impedances positioned in at least one of a series arrangement and a parallel arrangement;

a plurality of inductive impedances positioned in at least one of a series arrangement and a parallel arrangement; and

a plurality of resistive impedances positioned in at least one of a series arrangement and a parallel arrangement; and

a switching network capable of switching at least one of said capacitive impedances, inductive impedances, and resistive impedances.

19. A medical device system for providing a therapy to a patient, comprising:

an electrode coupled to a portion of a tissue in a patient'"'"'s body;

a lead operatively coupled to said electrode, said lead configured to carry an electrical stimulation signal to said electrode; and

a signal generator operatively coupled to said lead and comprising

a stimulation unit to provide an electrical stimulation signal to said tissue through said lead, and

an impedance unit to modify an impedance of said lead based upon a command from a controller comprising a signal detection unit having circuitry to receive an RF communication signal from an external source indicating a future coupled energy, and further configured to receive an indication of the presence of RF coupled energy on said lead, wherein said impedance unit comprises;

at least one of a capacitive impedance, an inductive impedance, a resistive impedance, a short-circuit, and an open circuit; and

a switching network capable of switching at least one of said capacitive impedance, inductive impedance, resistive impedance, said open circuit, and said short circuit to modify said impedance of said lead.

20. The medical device system of claim 19, wherein said impedance unit comprises an active cancellation unit.

21. The implantable medical device of claim 20, wherein said active cancellation unit comprises a current signal for providing a zero current in the presence of said coupled energy.

22. An implantable medical device (IMD) for operating in a modified impedance mode, comprising:

a stimulation unit to provide an electrical stimulation signal through a lead operatively coupled to said IMD; and

a controller comprising

a signal detection unit configured to receive an indication of the presence of a radio frequency (RF) coupled energy on said lead and having circuitry to receive an RF communication signal from an external source indicating a future coupled energy, and

an impedance unit to modify an impedance of said lead to have one of at least three impedance values, wherein said modifying is based upon said indication received by said signal detection unit, said RF communication signal, or both.