Electrically conductive polymer compositions containing metal particles and a graphene and methods for production and use thereof
First Claim
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1. A polymer composition comprising:
- a polymer matrix;
a graphene that is covalently bonded to the polymer matrix; and
metal particles having an additive covalently bonded thereto;
wherein the additive comprises a thiol, a silane, a silanol, a monodentate amine, a bidentate amine, or any combination thereof; and
wherein a combined concentration of the metal particles and the graphene in the polymer matrix exceeds an electrical percolation threshold.
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Abstract
Polymer compositions containing a polymer matrix, a graphene that is covalently bonded to the polymer matrix and metal particles are described herein. A combined concentration of the metal particles and the graphene in the polymer matrix exceeds an electrical percolation threshold. In general, the graphene has a carbon:oxygen ratio of at least about 20:1 so as to impart a high electrical conductivity thereto. The polymer compositions can be used as a lead-free solder material, in which case they can allow multiple rework operations to take place at a connection. Methods for making and using such electrically conductive polymer compositions are also described.
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Citations
41 Claims
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1. A polymer composition comprising:
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a polymer matrix; a graphene that is covalently bonded to the polymer matrix; and metal particles having an additive covalently bonded thereto; wherein the additive comprises a thiol, a silane, a silanol, a monodentate amine, a bidentate amine, or any combination thereof; and
wherein a combined concentration of the metal particles and the graphene in the polymer matrix exceeds an electrical percolation threshold. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A polymer composition comprising:
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a polymer matrix comprising a thermoplastic material; a graphene that is covalently bonded to the thermoplastic material; wherein
1) the graphene has a carbon;
oxygen ratio of at least about 20;
1; andmetal particles having an additive covalently bonded thereto; 2) the additive comprises a thiol, a silane, a silanol, a monodentate amine, a bidentate amine, or any combination thereof and
3) a combined concentration of the metal particles and the graphene in the polymer matrix exceeds an electrical percolation threshold. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A method for making an electrically conductive polymer composition, the method comprising:
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reacting a graphene having a carbon;
oxygen ratio of at least about 20;
1 with a thermoplastic material to form covalent bonds therebetween; andafter reacting, adding metal particles to the thermoplastic material; 1) wherein the metal particles have an additive covalently bonded thereto; 2) the additive comprises a thiol, a silane, a silanol, a monodentate amine, a bidentate amine, or any combination thereof and
3) a combined concentration of the metal particles and the graphene in the thermoplastic material exceeds an electrical percolation threshold. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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34. A method for forming a connection, the method comprising:
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heating a solder material to at least its softening temperature; wherein the solder material comprises an electrically conductive polymer composition that comprises a thermoplastic material, a graphene that is covalently bonded to the thermoplastic material, and metal particles; placing at least one member in the softened solder material; and cooling the softened solder material so as to affect hardening and to affix the at least one member thereto. - View Dependent Claims (35)
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36. A method for reworking a connection, the method comprising:
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heating a connection comprising at least one member and a solder material to at least a softening temperature of the solder material; wherein the solder material comprises an electrically conductive polymer composition that comprises a thermoplastic material, a graphene that is covalently bonded to the thermoplastic material, and metal particles; and removing the at least one member from the connection. - View Dependent Claims (37, 38, 39)
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40. A polymer composition comprising:
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a polymer matrix; a graphene that is covalently bonded to the polymer matrix; and metal particles having an additive covalently bonded thereto; wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-thiol, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 1-pyrollidinecarbodithioic acid, 2,2′
-dithiobis(benzothiazole), 2,4-dimercapto-6-amino-5-triazine, 2,4-dithiohydantoin, 2,5-dimethylbenzothiazole, 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5-methylbenzimidazole, 2-mercapto-5-nitrobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidizole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-mercaptoethane sulfonic acid, 2-mercaptoimidazole, 2-mercaptothiazoline, 2-thiouracil, 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 5,5-dithio-bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 6-amino-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 6-ethoxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 6-mercaptopurine, N-cycloalkyl-dithiocarbamates, alkyl- and cycloalkyl mercaptans, benzothiazoles, dimercaptopyridines, dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, dithiocyanuric acid, mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzoxazoles, mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, mercaptoimidazoles, mercaptopyridines, mercaptopyrimidines, mercaptoquinolines, mercaptothiazoles, mercaptothiazolines, mercaptotriazoles, O,O-dialkyl- and O,O-dicycloalkyldithiophosphates, O-alkyl- or O-cycloalkyldithiocarbonates, o-ethylxanthic acid, quinoxaline-2,3-thiol, thioacetic acid, thiocresol, thiosalicylic acid, trithiocyanuric acid, 6-ethoxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, 5-amino-1,3,4,-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 1,2,3-benzothiazole, 1-pyrollidinecarbodithioic acid, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-thiol, 2-mercapto-5-nitrobenzimidazole, 2-mercapto-5-methylbenzimidazole, mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptothiazolines, mercaptobenzimidazoles, 5,5-dithio-bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione, trithiocyanuric acid, 2,4-dithiohydantoin, 2,4-dimercapto-6-amino-5-triazine, silanes, silanols, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof;wherein a combined concentration of the metal particles and the graphene in the polymer matrix exceeds an electrical percolation threshold.
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41. A method for making an electrically conductive polymer composition, the method comprising:
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reacting a graphene having a carbon;
oxygen ratio of at least about 20;
1 with a thermoplastic material to form covalent bonds therebetween; andafter reacting, adding metal particles to the thermoplastic material; wherein the metal particles have an additive covalently bonded thereto; wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-thiol, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 1-pyrollidinecarbodithioic acid, 2,2′
-dithiobis(benzothiazole), 2,4-dimercapto-6-amino-5-triazine, 2,4-dithiohydantoin, 2,5-dimethylbenzothiazole, 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5-methylbenzimidazole, 2-mercapto-5-nitrobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidizole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, 2-mercaptoethane sulfonic acid, 2-mercaptoimidazole, 2-mercaptothiazoline, 2-thiouracil, 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 5,5-dithio-bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 6-amino-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 6-ethoxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 6-mercaptopurine, N-cycloalkyl-dithiocarbamates, alkyl- and cycloalkyl mercaptans, benzothiazoles, dimercaptopyridines, dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, dithiocyanuric acid, mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzoxazoles, mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, mercaptoimidazoles, mercaptopyridines, mercaptopyrimidines, mercaptoquinolines, mercaptothiazoles, mercaptothiazolines, mercaptotriazoles, O,O-dialkyl- and O,O-dicycloalkyldithiophosphates, O-alkyl- or O-cycloalkyldithiocarbonates, o-ethylxanthic acid, quinoxaline-2,3-thiol, thioacetic acid, thiocresol, thiosalicylic acid, trithiocyanuric acid, 6-ethoxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, diethyldithiocarbamic acid, 5-amino-1,3,4,-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 1,2,3-benzothiazole, 1-pyrollidinecarbodithioic acid, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-thiol, 2-mercapto-5-nitrobenzimidazole, 2-mercapto-5-methylbenzimidazole, mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptothiazolines, mercaptobenzimidazoles, 5,5-dithio-bis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione, trithiocyanuric acid, 2,4-dithiohydantoin, 2,4-dimercapto-6-amino-5-triazine, silanes, silanols, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof; andwherein a combined concentration of the metal particles and the graphene in the thermoplastic material exceeds an electrical percolation threshold.
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Specification