Drive axle assembly with gear mesh lubrication systems for lubricating gear mesh and/or differential bearings

• US 8,167,758 B2
• Filed: 12/08/2008
• Issued: 05/01/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: American AXLE & Manufacturing Incorporated (American AXLE & Manufacturing Holdings Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: American AXLE & Manufacturing Incorporated (American AXLE & Manufacturing Holdings Incorporated)
• Inventors: Downs, James P, Hunt, W. Gordon, Adams, Herbert L III, Woodside, Gregory E
• Primary Examiner(s): LEWIS, TISHA D
• Application Number:
  US12/315,961
• Publication Number:
  US 20100144480A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,240 Days
• Field of Search: 475/159, 475/160, 184/6.12, 184/11.1, 184/13.1
• US Class Current: 475/160
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 48/08 comprising bevel gears
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/0423 Lubricant guiding means mounted or supported on the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes or pipes means for guiding lubricant into an axial channel of a shaft F16H57/0426; lubrication by injection, injection nozzles or tubes therefore F16H57/0456
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/045 Lubricant storage reservoirs, e.g. reservoirs in addition to a gear sump for collecting lubricant in the upper part of a gear case
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/0457 Splash lubrication characterised by the problem reducing losses, e.g. splash losses F16H57/0409
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 57/0483 Axle or inter-axle differentials

Abstract

An axle assembly having an axle assembly with first and second sumps for holding a lubricant. A rotating ring gear associated with a differential can rotate through the lubricant in the first sump to cause a portion of the lubricant to cling to the ring gear. A portion of the lubricant that has clung to the ring gear can be removed from the ring gear and transferred to the second sump. The lubricant in the second sump can be drained to lubricate teeth of a pinion that is in meshing engagement with the ring gear and/or to lubricate bearings that support the pinion. A related method is also provided.

Claims

1. An axle assembly comprising:

an axle housing having an internal cavity, a portion of the internal cavity forming a first sump;

a ring gear mounted in the internal cavity for rotation about a first axis, the ring gear being rotatable through the first sump to cause a lubricant in the first sump to cling to the ring gear;

a differential coupled to the ring gear for rotation therewith about the first axis;

a pinion mounted in the internal cavity of the axle housing for rotation about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis, the pinion including a plurality of teeth that are meshingly engaged to a plurality of teeth formed on the ring gear; and

an auxiliary collecting means for collecting a portion of the lubricant that has clung to the ring gear as it rotates in a predetermined rotational direction through the first sump, the auxiliary collecting means having a second sump and a drain, the second sump being disposed in the internal cavity and being discrete from the first sump, the drain being configured to at least partly drain the second sump directly onto at least one of the teeth of the pinion and the teeth of the ring gear, the drain is also configured to dispense a portion of the lubricant in the second sump to a set of pinion bearings that support the pinion for rotation within the axle housing, the auxiliary collecting means having a third sump that is disposed in the internal cavity and which is discrete from the first and second sumps, the third sump configured to drain the lubricant therein to a set of differential bearings that support the differential for rotation within the internal cavity.

2. The axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the axle housing has a wall member that at least partly forms the second sump and at least a portion of an exterior surface of the axle housing.

3. The axle assembly of claim 2, wherein the drain includes a tubular member that is coupled to the wall member.

4. The axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary collecting means includes a scraper that is configured to direct the portion of the lubricant that has clung to the ring gear from a surface of the ring gear into the second sump.

5. The axle assembly of claim 4, wherein the scraper contacts a surface of the ring gear as it rotates.

6. The axle assembly of claim 5, wherein the scraper is at least partly formed of a resilient material.

7. The axle assembly of claim 4, wherein the scraper is integrally formed with the axle housing.

8. The axle assembly of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary collecting means includes a fourth sump that is disposed in the internal cavity and which is discrete from the first, second and third sumps, the fourth sump configured to drain the lubricant therein to a second set of pinion bearings that support the pinion for rotation about the second axis.

9. A method for operating an axle assembly comprising:

providing an axle housing having an internal cavity, a portion of the internal cavity forming a first sump;

mounting a pinion in the axle housing, the pinion having a plurality of teeth;

mounting a differential assembly in the axle housing, the differential assembly including a ring gear and a differential, the ring gear having a plurality of teeth that are meshingly engaged to the teeth of the pinion;

rotating the ring gear in a predetermined rotational direction through a lubricant in the first sump to cause the lubricant in the first sump to cling to the ring gear;

collecting a portion of the lubricant that has clung to the ring gear in a second sump that is elevated above the first sump;

draining a first portion of the lubricant in the second sump directly onto at least one of the teeth of the pinion and the teeth of the ring gear by dispensing the first portion of the lubricant into a tubular member; and

draining a second portion of the lubricant in the second sump to a bearing set that supports the pinion for rotation within the axle housing.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein collecting the first portion of the lubricant that has clung to the ring gear includes contacting the lubricant that has clung to the ring gear with a scraper.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the scraper contacts the ring gear.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the scraper is at least partly formed of a resilient material.

13. An axle assembly comprising:

an axle housing having an internal cavity, a portion of the internal cavity forming a first sump;

a ring gear mounted in the internal cavity for rotation about a first axis, the ring gear being rotatable through the first sump to cause a lubricant in the first sump to cling to the ring gear;

a differential coupled to the ring gear and mounted by differential bearings in the internal cavity of the axle housing for rotation about the first axis;

a pinion mounted by pinion bearings in the internal cavity of the axle housing for rotation about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis, the pinion including a plurality of teeth that are meshingly engaged with teeth on the ring gear; and

an auxiliary collecting means for collecting a portion of the lubricant that has clung to the ring gear as it rotates through the first sump, the auxiliary collecting means having a second sump, a third sump and a drain, the second sump being disposed in the internal cavity and being discrete from the first sump, the third sump being disposed in the internal cavity and being discrete from the first and second sumps, the drain being configured to at least partly drain the second sump directly onto the teeth of the pinion;

wherein the axle housing has a wall member that at least partly forms the second sump and at least a portion of an exterior surface of the axle housing;

wherein the drain includes a tubular member that is coupled to the wall member;

wherein the auxiliary collecting means includes a scraper that is configured to direct the portion of the lubricant that has clung to the ring gear from a surface of the ring gear into the second and third sumps; and

wherein the drain is also configured to dispense a portion of the lubricant in the second sump to the pinion bearings and the third sump is configured to drain lubricant therein to the differential bearings.

14. An axle assembly comprising:

an axle housing having an internal cavity defining a first sump containing a lubricant;

a differential assembly including a differential case, differential bearings rotatably supporting said differential case for rotation in said internal cavity, and a ring gear fixedly secured for rotation with said differential case and being rotatably through said lubricant in said first sump;

an input pinion assembly including a pinion shaft, pinion bearings rotatably supporting said pinion shaft for rotation in said internal cavity, and a pinion gear driven by said pinion shaft and meshed with said ring gear; and

a lubricant collection arrangement associated with said axle housing within said internal cavity for collecting a portion of said lubricant carried by said ring gear upon rotation through said first sump, said lubricant collection arrangement including a wall member of said axle housing defining second, third and fourth sumps that are discrete from said first sump and which are configured to receive lubricant released from said ring gear, a first drain for feeding lubricant from said second sump to an area of gear mesh between said ring gear and said pinion gear, a second drain for feeding lubricant from said third sump to said differential bearings, and a third drain for feeding lubricant from said fourth sump to said pinion bearings.

15. The axle assembly of claim 14 wherein said lubricant collection arrangement further includes a scraper extending outwardly from said wall member toward said ring gear and which is configured to direct lubricant that has clung to said ring gear into said second sump.

16. The axle assembly of claim 14 wherein a first portion of said wall member segregates said second and third sumps, and wherein a second portion of said wall member segregates said third and fourth sumps.

17. The axle assembly of claim 16 wherein said first portion of said wall member is configured to permit lubricant within said second sump to spill over into said third sump, and wherein said second portion of said wall member is configured to permit lubricant within said third sump to spill over into said fourth sump.

18. The axle assembly of claim 17 wherein said wall member is disposed above said pinion shaft and is configured such that said second sump is located at a higher elevation than said third sump while said third sump is located at a higher elevation than said fourth sump.

19. The axle assembly of claim 14 wherein said first drain includes a tube for delivering lubricant from said second sump directly onto at least one of said ring gear and said pinion gear in said area of gear mesh therebetween.

20. The axle assembly of claim 19 wherein said second drain includes a second tube extending between said third sump and an area in proximity to said differential bearings, and wherein said third drain includes a third tube extending between said fourth sump and an area in proximity to said pinion bearings.

21. An axle assembly comprising:

an axle housing having an internal cavity defining a first sump;

a differential rotatably mounted in said internal cavity for rotation about a first axis;

a ring gear fixed to said differential for common rotation about said first axis such that rotation of said ring gear through said first sump causes lubricant to cling to said ring gear;

a pinion rotatably mounted in said internal cavity for rotation about a second axis and having teeth that are meshed with teeth formed on said ring gear; and

an auxiliary collecting arrangement configured to collect a portion of said lubricant that clings to said ring gear in response to rotation through said first sump, said auxiliary collecting arrangement including second, third and fourth sumps that are discrete from said first sump and configured to collect lubricant released from said ring gear, a first drain configured to drain lubricant from said second sump onto said teeth of at least one of said pinion and said ring gear, a second drain configured to drain lubricant from said third sump to bearings that rotatably support one of said pinion and said differential for rotation within said internal cavity, and a third drain configured to drain lubricant from said fourth sump to bearings that rotatably support the other of said pinion and said differential, wherein said second, third and fourth sumps are associated with a wall member of said axle housing located above said pinion, said wall member having a first portion segregating said second sump from said third sump and a second portion segregating said third sump from said fourth sump.

22. The axle assembly of claim 21 wherein said auxiliary collecting arrangement further includes a scraper coupled to said wall member and which extends outwardly relative to said second sump so as to be located in close proximity to said teeth of said ring gear.

23. An axle assembly comprising:

an axle housing having an internal cavity defining a first sump;

a differential rotatably mounted in said internal cavity for rotation about a first axis;

a ring gear fixed to said differential for common rotation about said first axis such that rotation of said ring gear through said first sump causes lubricant to cling to said ring gear;

a pinion rotatably mounted in said internal cavity for rotation about a second axis and having teeth that are meshed with teeth formed on said ring gear; and

an auxiliary collecting arrangement configured to collect a portion of said lubricant that clings to said ring gear in response to rotation through said first sump, said auxiliary collecting arrangement including second and third sumps that are discrete from said first sump and configured to collect lubricant released from said ring gear, a first drain configured to drain lubricant from said second sump onto said teeth of at least one of said pinion and said ring gear, and a second drain configured to drain lubricant from said third sump to bearings that rotatably support one of said pinion and said differential for rotation within said internal cavity, wherein said second and third sumps are associated with a wall member of said axle housing, said wall member includes a wall portion segregating said third sump from said second sump and a scraper extending outwardly relative to said second sump so as to be located in close proximity to said ring gear.