Peritoneal dialysis system having cassette-based-pressure-controlled pumping

• US 8,172,789 B2
• Filed: 10/13/2010
• Issued: 05/08/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Baxter International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Baxter International Inc.
• Inventors: Childers, Robert W., Eerlingen, Vital, Balteau, Patrick, Belongie, Duane
• Primary Examiner(s): Desanto, Matthew F
• Application Number:
  US12/903,820
• Publication Number:
  US 20110028892A1
• Time in Patent Office: 573 Days
• Field of Search: 604/28, 604/29, 604 501- 504, 604/19, 604/27, 604/4.01
• US Class Current: 604/29
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/154 with sensing means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/155 with treatment-fluid pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1562 Details of incorporated reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1565 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/159 specially adapted for peritoneal dialysis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/28 Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/281 Instillation other than by gravity
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/282 Operational modes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/285 Catheters therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/123 with incorporated reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/128 with incorporated valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/17 with redundant control systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3331 Pressure; Flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3344 Measuring or controlling pressure at the body treatment site
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3351 Controlling upstream pump pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3355 Controlling downstream pump pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14224 Diaphragm type

Abstract

A peritoneal dialysis system includes a removable cassette defining a flexible pump chamber and a pressure sensing area that is fluidly connected to the pump chamber wherein, during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system, peritoneal dialysis fluid is contained in the pump chamber; and a peritoneal dialysis machine configured to secure the removable cassette, peritoneal dialysis machine including (i) a pressure sensor positioned to align with and to contact the pressure sensing area of the removable cassette when the removable cassette is secured to the peritoneal dialysis machine, and (ii) a controller connected to the pressure sensor and adapted to change the operation of the peritoneal dialysis machine in response to changes in pressure sensed by the pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor and the pressure sensing area are arranged so that the pressure sensor measures a pressure of fluid in a fluid passage between the pump chamber and a patient during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system.

Claims

1. A peritoneal dialysis system comprising:

a removable cassette defining first and second flexible pump chambers and first and second pressure sensing areas that are fluidly connected to the first and second pump chambers, respectively; and

a peritoneal dialysis machine configured to secure the removable cassette, the peritoneal dialysis machine including

(i) first and second pumps configured to be moved relative to the removable cassette to force peritoneal dialysis fluid out of the first removable pump chamber into a peritoneal cavity of a patient, and draw peritoneal dialysis fluid into the second removable pump chamber during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system,

(ii) first and second pressure sensors positioned to align with and to contact the first and second pressure sensing areas, respectively, of the removable cassette when the removable cassette is secured within the peritoneal dialysis machine, and

(iii) a controller connected to the first and second pressure sensors and adapted to change the operation of the peritoneal dialysis machine in response to changes in pressure sensed by the pressure sensors, wherein the first and second pressure sensors and the first and second pressure sensing areas are arranged so that the first pressure sensor measures a pressure of fluid in a first fluid passage between the first pump chamber and the patient during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system, and the second pressure sensor measures a pressure of fluid in a fluid passage between the second pump chamber and the patient during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system.

2. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the pressure sensing areas of the removable cassette is sucked to at least one of the first and second pressure sensors during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system.

3. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the pressure sensing areas of the removable cassette is directly contacted by at least one of the first and second the pressure sensors during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system.

4. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to determine a patient pressure based on a pressure measured by at least one of the first and second pressure sensors.

5. A peritoneal dialysis system comprising:

a removable cassette defining a flexible pump chamber and a pressure sensing area that is fluidly connected to the pump chamber wherein, during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system, peritoneal dialysis fluid is contained in the pump chamber for delivering the dialysis fluid to a peritoneal cavity of a patient; and

a peritoneal dialysis machine configured to secure the removable cassette, peritoneal dialysis machine including

(i) a pressure sensor positioned to align with and to contact the pressure sensing area of the removable cassette when the removable cassette is secured to the peritoneal dialysis machine, and

(ii) a controller connected to the pressure sensor and adapted to change the operation of the peritoneal dialysis machine in response to changes in pressure sensed by the pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor and the pressure sensing area are arranged so that the pressure sensor measures a pressure of fluid in a fluid passage between the pump chamber and the patient during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system.

6. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 5, wherein the pressure sensing area of the removable cassette is fluidly connected to the pump chamber via a channel formed in the removable cassette.

7. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 6, wherein the channel that fluidly connects the pressure sensing area to the pump chamber is narrower than the pressure sensing area and the pump chamber.

8. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 5, wherein the removable cassette has a second pump chamber and a second pressure sensing area in fluid communication with the second pump chamber, and wherein the peritoneal dialysis machine includes a second pressure sensor positioned to align with and to contact the second pressure sensing area of the removable cassette when the cassette is secured to the peritoneal dialysis machine, and wherein the second pressure sensor and the second pressure sensing area are arranged so that the second pressure sensor measures a pressure of fluid in a fluid passage between the second pump chamber and the patient during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system, and wherein the controller is connected to the second pressure sensor and adapted to change the operation of the peritoneal dialysis machine in response to changes in pressure sensed by the second pressure sensor.

9. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 5, wherein the removable cassette further includes a plurality of fluid channels and a plurality of valves each associated with a corresponding one of the fluid channels, wherein the valves are each operable to inhibit fluid flow through a corresponding one of the fluid channels.

10. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 5, wherein the controller is adapted to determine a patient pressure based on a pressure measured by the pressure sensor.

11. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 5, wherein the pressure sensing area of the removable cassette is sucked to the pressure sensor during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system.

12. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 5, wherein the pressure sensor includes a pair of load cells.

13. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 5, wherein the pressure sensing area of the removable cassette is directly contacted by the pressure sensor during operation of the peritoneal dialysis system.

14. A peritoneal dialysis system comprising:

a peritoneal dialysis machine including a pressure sensor; and

a peritoneal dialysis cassette operable with the peritoneal dialysis machine, the peritoneal dialysis cassette including

a flexible pump chamber adapted to contain a fluid;

ingress and egress passageways fluidly connected to the pump chamber to conduct fluid into and out of the pump chamber to and from a peritoneal cavity of a patient; and

a pressure sensing area fluidly connected to the pump chamber, wherein an outer surface of the pressure sensing area of the cassette is positioned to align with and to contact the pressure sensor of the peritoneal dialysis machine when the cassette is positioned within the peritoneal dialysis machine so as to enable the pressure sensor to measure the pressure of fluid in one of the ingress and egress passageways between the pump chamber and the patient during peritoneal dialysis,

wherein operation of the peritoneal dialysis machine is adapted to change in response to changes in pressure sensed by the pressure sensor.

15. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 14, wherein the peritoneal dialysis cassette further includes a second flexible pump chamber adapted to contain fluid, second ingress and egress passageways fluidly connected to the second pump chamber to conduct fluid into and out of the second pump chamber to and from the patient, and a second pressure sensing area in fluid communication with the second pump chamber, wherein an outer surface of the second pressure sensing area of the cassette is positioned to align with and to contact a second pressure sensor of the peritoneal dialysis machine when the cassette is positioned within the peritoneal dialysis machine so as to enable the second pressure sensor to measure the pressure of fluid in one of the second ingress and egress passageways between the second pump chamber and the patient during peritoneal dialysis.

16. The peritoneal system of claim 14, wherein the surface of the pressure sensing area is enlarged.

17. The peritoneal system of claim 14, wherein the peritoneal dialysis cassette further includes a plurality of valves each associated with a corresponding one of the ingress and egress passageways, wherein the valves are each operable to inhibit fluid flow through a corresponding one of the ingress and egress passageways.

18. The peritoneal system of claim 14, wherein the pressure sensing area of the cassette is located along one of the ingress and egress passageways of the disposable cassette.

19. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 14, wherein the pressure sensing area of the cassette is fluidly connected to the pump chamber.

20. The peritoneal dialysis system of claim 14, wherein the pressure sensing area of the cassette is sucked to the pressure sensor to measure the pressure of fluid in one of the ingress and egress passageways between the pump chamber and the patient during peritoneal dialysis.