Needle-free injector device with autoloading capability

• US 8,172,790 B2
• Filed: 08/31/2007
• Issued: 05/08/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 09/01/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Hunter, Ian W., Hemond, Brian D., Wendell, Dawn M., Hogan, Nora Catherine, Ball, Nathan B., Taberner, Andrew J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mehta, Bhisma
• Application Number:
  US12/310,456
• Publication Number:
  US 20100016827A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,712 Days
• Field of Search: 604/65, 604/66, 604/67, 604/68, 604/70, 604/71
• US Class Current: 604/68
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/31588 electrically driven
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8287 operated by an external magnetic or electromagnetic field
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/204 connected to external reservoirs for multiple refilling
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/30 Syringes for injection by jet action, without needle, e.g. for use with replaceable ampoules or carpules
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/31525 Dosing burettes, pipettes B01L3/02
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/31546 Electrically operated dose setting, e.g. input via touch screen or plus/minus buttons
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/482 Varying injection pressure, e.g. by varying speed of injection
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/484 Regulating injection pressure

Abstract

A needle-free transdermal transport device includes a chamber (900) for holding the substance to be injected, a nozzle (910) in fluid communication with the chamber, and a drug reservoir (950) for storing the substance to be transferred to the chamber. The needle-free transdermal transport device also includes a controllable magnet and coil electromagnetic actuator (242) in communication with the chamber. The actuator receives an electrical input and generates in response a force. The force then causes a needle-free transfer of the substance from the chamber to the biological body. The force is variable responsive to variations in the received input during actuation. The actuator draws the substance from the drug reservoir or alternatively, the substance can be pressurized from the drug reservoir into the chamber by a pressure source.

Claims

1. A needle-free transdermal transport device for transferring a substance across a surface of a biological body comprising:

a chamber for holding the substance;

a nozzle in fluid communication with the chamber;

a drug reservoir for storing the substance to be transferred to the chamber; and

a controllable electromagnetic actuator in communication with the chamber, the actuator comprising a moving coil assembly and a stationary magnet, the actuator receiving an electrical input and generating in response a force, the force causing a needle-free transfer of the substance from the chamber and to the biological body and being variable responsive to variations in the electrical input during actuation, the actuator drawing the substance from the drug reservoir and being precisely controlled to move the substance to the chamber.

2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a pressure source for automatically pressurizing the substance in the drug reservoir to transfer it from the drug reservoir into the chamber.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein variations in the received electrical input correspond to feedback.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the controllable electromagnetic actuator is bi-directional, generating a positive force responsive to a first electrical input and a negative force responsive to a second electrical input.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic actuator forces the substance through the nozzle and produces a jet having sufficient velocity to pierce the surface of the biological body.

6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a rechargeable power source, used in production of the electrical input.

7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a check-valve between the drug reservoir and the chamber.

8. The device of claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor for sensing the pressure inside the chamber.

9. The device of claim 1, further comprising a piston for pushing the substance out of the nozzle for delivery.

10. The device of claim 9, further comprising a position sensor for monitoring the position of the piston within the needle-free transdermal transport device.

11. The device of claim 10, further comprising a processor, that automatically tailors the position of the actuator according to feedback from the position sensor.

12. The device of claim 1, further comprising a servo-controller in electrical communication with the controllable electromagnetic actuator, the servo-controller providing the electrical input.

13. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is adapted to provide a plurality of independent needle-free transfers, each transfer occurring in rapid succession with respect to a preceding transfer.

14. The device of claim 1, further comprising an automatically controlled flip-cap on the nozzle, the flip cap closing during loading the chamber with the substance and opening during injection of the substance.

15. A needle-free transdermal transport device for transferring a substance across a surface of a biological body comprising:

a chamber for holding the substance;

a nozzle in fluid communication with the chamber;

a piston for automatically driving the substance out of the nozzle for injection;

a position sensor for automatically sensing the position of the piston within the needle-free device; and

a controllable actuator in communication with the chamber, the actuator comprising a moving coil assembly and a stationary magnet, the actuator receiving an electrical input and generating in response a force, the force causing a needle-free transfer of the substance between the chamber and the biological body and being variable responsive to variations in the electrical input during actuation, and the actuator further being controllable in response to feedback provided by the position sensor.

16. The device of claim 15, further comprising a drug reservoir for storing the substance.

17. A method for transferring a substance across a surface of a body comprising:

drawing the substance from a drug reservoir with a controllable electromagnetic actuator comprising a moving coil assembly and a stationary magnet, the drawing being precisely controlled to move the substance to a chamber of a needle-free injector;

applying an electrical input to the actuator;

producing with the actuator a mechanical force corresponding to the electrical input; and

applying the mechanical force to the chamber coupled at one end to a nozzle, the mechanical force producing a pressure within the chamber, the force causing a needle-free transfer of the substance from the chamber to the biological body and the force being variable responsive to variations in the electrical input during actuation.

18. A method for transferring a substance across a surface of a body comprising:

sensing the position of a piston within a cylinder of a needle-free injector;

applying an electrical input to a controllable electromagnetic actuator comprising a moving coil assembly and a stationary magnet;

producing with the actuator a mechanical force corresponding to the electrical input; and

applying the mechanical force to a chamber coupled at one end to a nozzle, the mechanical force producing a pressure within the chamber, the force causing a needle-free transfer of the substance from the chamber to the biological body, the force being variable responsive to variations in the electrical input during actuation, and the actuator being further controllable according to feedback provided by a position sensor.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising a drug reservoir for storing the substance.